"hired"Evidence Source
It was a year later that they hired Henriette D. Avram to come and begin computerising the library
"worked as a searcher/editor for""worked as a searcher/editor for"Evidence Source
My first job, after I graduated with a degree in English with a minor concentration in Art, was at the Library of Congress in Washington DC, where I worked as a searcher/editor for the Union Catalog.
"in"Evidence Source
the Library of Congress in Washington DC
"begin computerising"Evidence Source
they hired Henriette D. Avram to come and begin computerising the library
"includes every book that it holds"Evidence Source
Union Catalog is the Library of Congress' huge catalog that includes every book that it holds.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went to work for"Evidence Source
I went to work for, I think it was, the J. Walter Thompson Company
"It was around"Evidence Source
I went to work for, I think it was, the J. Walter Thompson Company ... It was around 1967
"had a contract with"Evidence Source
J. Walter Thompson Company, who had a contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center.
"catalog the documents and books"Evidence Source
My job there was to catalog the documents and books that were in their collection
"computerising"Evidence Source
the Goddard Space Flight Center was computerising their library.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"head of a large technical library for"Evidence Source
all of a sudden I was the head of a large technical library for a big aerospace company.
"also known as"Evidence Source
Ball Brothers Research Corporation (BBRC; now called Ball Aerospace)
"programme in"Evidence Source
Essentially I was working with a computer that I had to programme in FORTRAN and so I learnt to programme in FORTRAN.
"applied for the position of"Evidence Source
I applied for the position of technical librarian and got it.
"began to computerise"Evidence Source
I dealt with the documents and I'm not sure exactly how it occurred that I began to computerise the library.
"worked with me"Evidence Source
I had a woman who worked with me, Jo Sanford, who was also learning to programme.
"lived in""lived in"Evidence Source
I lived in Dürer Platz in the old walled City of Nurnberg
"took a summer institute at"Evidence Source
I took a summer institute at the University of Denver's Graduate School of Librarianship
"worked in"Evidence Source
I worked in the Special Library System in Furth
"in"Evidence Source
Special Library System in Furth
"made"Evidence Source
They made the orbiting solar observatory.
"it was"Evidence Source
This was not the era of big Computer Science departments, it was 1969
"ran"Evidence Source
took classes in FORTRAN from Dan Anderson. He ran the computer room and also taught the classes.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"member of"Evidence Source
Georges Perec (2011), who was a member of the Oulipo
"It's by"Evidence Source
I always use this book, The Art of Asking your Boss for a Raise ... It's by Georges Perec
"played off"Evidence Source
if you look in Uncle Roger, you can see that I played off the programme I wrote for BBRC.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"writing"Evidence Source
At the time he was writing The Fifth Horseman, which was a story of the Mexican Revolution.
"boss at"Evidence Source
my immediate boss at BBRC, and this is kind of interesting, was José Antonio Villarreal
No extractions found for this utterance.
"beginning of"Evidence Source
1969 was the beginning of ARPANET
"used"Evidence Source
I think I used a mainframe, I've been trying to research what computer I used. I'm not positive it was a mainframe, I'm pretty sure it was an IBM.
"MIT's"Evidence Source
MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
"used"Evidence Source
MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) used MAIL to coordinate their research
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in"Evidence Source
Bell Labs in New Jersey
"who's his wife"Evidence Source
Nancy Kaplan, who's his wife.
"ran"Evidence Source
So I had to go find Dan Anderson (who ran the computer room)
"telling the story to"Evidence Source
when I was telling the story to Stuart Moulthrop during the Pathfinders interview
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"it was"Evidence Source
I began to have this vision that I could create a non-sequential narrative using catalog cards ... it was 1976 when I started doing this.
"used"Evidence Source
I used the early Apple II programme called Visidex.
"made"Evidence Source
In those days, Radio Shack made these electromechanical address books
"'s"Evidence Source
JR Carpenter's City Fish
"first time I used computers since I left BBRC"Evidence Source
So this was the first time I used computers since I left BBRC in 1969, and it was 1986.
"bought"Evidence Source
we went and bought a used Apple II
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went to"Evidence Source
He also went to the University of Michigan and worked on computerising that catalog
"Professor of"Evidence Source
I didn't mention that the Professor of the Systems Analysis course I took was Richard M Dougherty
"interview"Evidence Source
reading Willard McCarty's interview (McCarty et al. 2012)
"Head Librarian at"Evidence Source
Richard M Dougherty, who went on to be the Head Librarian at UC Berkeley
No extractions found for this utterance.
"My colleague"Evidence Source
My colleague, Jo Sanford and I were the only women using the computer room.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"community on"Evidence Source
community on the Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (see, for example, Rheingold 2000; Turner 2010) was very helpful.
"programmed""in"Evidence Source
I also programmed Uncle Roger in Unix Shell scripts
"started using"Evidence Source
When I started using BASIC, which was hugely easier to use
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"(ACEN)"Evidence Source
Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN)
"making"Evidence Source
because he had seen the database I was making (Bad Information Base no 1).
"initiated""programmed"Evidence Source
Carl Loeffler initiated and Fred Truck programmed a system and menu where the works could actually be published.
"in"Evidence Source
Fred Truck in Iowa
"founding director of"Evidence Source
he was the founding director of Art Com/La Mamelle
"director of"Evidence Source
he was the founding director of Art Com/La Mamelle and then of Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN)
"published"Evidence Source
It was how I first published Uncle Roger
"in"Evidence Source
talk to spoken word poet Fortner Anderson in Canada
"gave access"Evidence Source
The WELL gave ACEN direct access to the server
"used"Evidence Source
the WELL used the conferencing software PicoSpan
"housed in"Evidence Source
The works themselves, and in my case the programs I wrote that ran them, were housed in The WELL's VAX.
"in"Evidence Source
to Jim Rosenberg in Pennsylvania
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"application"Evidence Source
I think a good application, like Inform 7 or Storyspace
"using""using"Evidence Source
I'm using HTML or JavaScript
"application"Evidence Source
Storyspace, for example, was a wonderful application
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"2013"Evidence Source
Defining Digital Humanities: a Reader (Terras et al. 2013)
"published"Evidence Source
my colleagues and I published a book called Defining Digital Humanities: a Reader (Terras et al. 2013).
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"formatted"Evidence Source
Fred formatted it
"done"Evidence Source
he had done Silence
"in about"Evidence Source
in about 1952, when he had done Silence
"published"Evidence Source
John Cage, who, in 1986 or 1987, I'm not sure which, published a work on Art Com, called the First Meeting of the Satie Society
"work on"Evidence Source
published a work on Art Com, called the First Meeting of the Satie Society
"wrote a series of articles for"Evidence Source
Robert Coover (1992) wrote a series of articles for the New York Times
"officially called"Evidence Source
Silence (officially called 4′33″
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"at"Evidence Source
CADRE) at San Jose State
"hosted by"Evidence Source
hosted by the Computers in Art and Design, Research and Education Institute (CADRE)
"connected more with"Evidence Source
Howard Besser was there also and he is actually connected more with the Museum Computer Network.
"invited to be on"Evidence Source
I was invited to be on the Art and Telecommunications panel
"from"Evidence Source
Jeanelle Hurst (from Australia)
"organized"Evidence Source
on the Art and Telecommunications panel, organized by Carl Loeffler
"took place in"Evidence Source
the NCGA Conference that took place in San Jose State University.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"created a work"Evidence Source
He and David Tudor created a work where Cage read those stories in one room
"created"Evidence Source
Many of the works he's done have been influential on my work, I'm thinking of his Interdeterminacy.
"(1923"Evidence Source
Sonya Rapoport (1923-2015)
"died"Evidence Source
Sonya Rapoport (1923-2015), who just died this June
No extractions found for this utterance.
"worked on"Evidence Source
He picked up Storyspace from Michael Joyce, and the other people who worked on it
"at"Evidence Source
I went to an installation at 80 Langton Street called 'Objects on my Dresser'.
"in"Evidence Source
I went to an installation at 80 Langton Street called 'Objects on my Dresser'. ... I think, in 1980 or 1981
"chief Scientist at"Evidence Source
Mark Bernstein (chief Scientist at Eastgate, one of the leading publishers of hypertext)
"created"Evidence Source
She had created a work where she had taken the objects on her dresser, I think, and written texts about each object. ... 'Objects on my Dresser'
"did another work called"Evidence Source
Then she did another work called Shoe Field
No extractions found for this utterance.
"visiting lecturer job at"Evidence Source
I just had a wonderful 2 year visiting lecturer job at Princeton.
"worked at"Evidence Source
Nathaniel Hawthorne worked at a customs house.
"worked at"Evidence Source
TS Eliot, worked at a bank
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No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"what we now think of as digital humanities? And what was then Computing in the Humanities"Evidence Source
Could you tell us a little bit about how you first got involved in what we now think of as digital humanities? And what was then Computing in the Humanities?
"being at a technical university""still published by The John Hopkins University Press""it was the first peer-reviewed electronic journal in the Humanities"Evidence Source
I didn't mean to get into electronic publishing, it was sort of fiscal necessity and also being at a technical university, where there were people around who were interested in this kind of experimentation but it was Postmodern Culture, still published by The John Hopkins University Press, it's in its twenty-second year now, I think, currently edited by my brother-in-law and it was the first peer-reviewed electronic journal in the Humanities.
"our first issue that was designed for the web was in January 1994"Evidence Source
I think our first issue that was designed for the web was in January 1994.
"was a new faculty member at North Carolina State University""been hired to teach post-World War II American literature"Evidence Source
I was a new faculty member at North Carolina State University, and I'd been hired to teach post-World War II American literature.
"retrieve articles from LISTSERV""put it up for FTP""put it up on Gopher""put the back issues up on the web"Evidence Source
So after that, we just sent out the table of contents with instructions for people on how to retrieve articles from LISTSERV and then later when FTP came along, we put it up for FTP and when Gopher came along and gave you a menu for FTP, we put it up on Gopher and when the web came along, we put the back issues up on the web and I think our first issue that was designed for the web was in January 1994.
"is still head of the libraries at NC State""people in the Campus Computing Organization"Evidence Source
So, we consulted with a university librarian, a woman named Susan Nutter, who I think is still head of the libraries at NC State, she introduced us to people in the Campus Computing Organization, who introduced us to some brand new software that had just come out, called LISTSERV.
"there was just one actually, called Boundary II"Evidence Source
There weren't really many journals, academic journals, in that area, there was just one actually, called Boundary II
"we decided to start a journal in that area"Evidence Source
There weren't really many journals, academic journals, in that area, there was just one actually, called Boundary II, and so with a couple of friends, one was a friend from graduate school, who also ended up on the same faculty a year later, we decided to start a journal in that area. NC State was in a budget crisis, public higher education always is as far as I can tell, so there was no money for printing and there was no money for mailing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Sanyo CPM machine""with WordStar""learned a little bit of BASIC"Evidence Source
So, I wrote it on a word processor — Sanyo CPM machine with WordStar — and I learned a little bit of BASIC, I would go in and edit the compiled code to change the messages on my splash screen.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"graduate student at Virginia""had started using email"Evidence Source
And I had started using email as a graduate student at Virginia and there weren't a lot of people to exchange email with, but that was kind of interesting.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"editing a journal as a junior faculty member"Evidence Source
Yeah, I thought it was interesting and it was pretty clearly against the advice that any sensible senior person would have given me, I mean beginning with editing a journal as a junior faculty member cause that's service, not research and putting your time into editing a journal that didn't get printed ...
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No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I was reading things in Humanist"Evidence Source
And, you know, I was reading things in Humanist also, but the people that I was meeting at conferences were pretty much other people involved in doing electronic journals in an academic context and that was a very small and heterogeneous group of people.
"Paul Ginsberg from the High Energy Physics Archive Project"Evidence Source
We had a guy who had a journal in hospitality research, there was Paul Ginsberg from the High Energy Physics Archive Project — I think he still works on that, Stevan Harnad was at some of these conferences and people from completely different disciplinary backgrounds, who, you know, the only thing they had in common was that they were trying to do electronic publishing, electronic scholarly publishing.
"was at some of these conferences"Evidence Source
Well, mostly in that period from '90 to about '93, when I was at NC State, most of the people that I was meeting were in conferences organized by libraries and focused on electronic journals. And, you know, I was reading things in Humanist also, but the people that I was meeting at conferences were pretty much other people involved in doing electronic journals in an academic context and that was a very small and heterogeneous group of people. We had a guy who had a journal in hospitality research, there was Paul Ginsberg from the High Energy Physics Archive Project — I think he still works on that, Stevan Harnad was at some of these conferences and people from completely different disciplinary backgrounds, who, you know, the only thing they had in common was that they were trying to do electronic publishing, electronic scholarly publishing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"goes through phases of consolidation and diversification"Evidence Source
I think the digital humanities community as a whole goes through phases of consolidation and diversification.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I worked with Jerry McGann""I worked with Ed Ayers""I worked with Thorny Staples""now works for Fedora Commons/Duraspace Group"Evidence Source
And there, you know, I worked with Jerry McGann, I worked with Ed Ayers, I worked with Thorny Staples, who now works for Fedora Commons/Duraspace Group.
"I was chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on Scholarly Editions"Evidence Source
For a chunk of that time I was chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on Scholarly Editions.
"I was also in the English department""got hired to direct the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at Virginia""at Virginia"Evidence Source
I was also in the English department, and on a tenure track, so I had four years in rank at that point at NC State, but I got hired to direct the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at Virginia
"that project started at the institute""Blake Archive Project started at the institute"Evidence Source
I worked with a bunch of faculty at Virginia and at other places who were early adopters, the people from the Whitman Archive over here, that project started at the institute, the Blake Archive Project started at the institute, Jerry's Rossetti archive, the Whitman in the Emily Dickinson project that Martha Nell Smith runs.
"Matt Kirschenbaum was a PhD advisee""was a student in the English department""an employee at the institute""Amanda French was there"Evidence Source
I worked with a lot of great students: Matt Kirschenbaum was a PhD advisee; Steve Ramsay was a student in the English department and an employee at the institute, when he was a graduate student; Amanda French was there;
"that Martha Nell Smith runs"Evidence Source
Jerry's Rossetti archive, the Whitman in the Emily Dickinson project that Martha Nell Smith runs.
"from 1994 to 2004, when I was at Virginia"Evidence Source
so that was just you know from 1994 to 2004, when I was at Virginia, that was a real opening up into a much broader world of people,
"started coming to this conference actually, in 1994, it was my first, in Paris""in Paris"Evidence Source
that's when I started coming to this conference actually, in 1994, it was my first, in Paris.
"We produced a book that they still sell called Electronic Textual Editing""together with text encoding principles from the TEI"Evidence Source
We produced a book that they still sell called Electronic Textual Editing which was to bring the kind of principals of scholarly editing that the CSE represented together with text encoding principles from the TEI to give people fairly practical guidance actually about how to do electronic scholarly editing.
"they reviewed the Blake Archive and gave it high marks"Evidence Source
We re-did the guidelines for the CSE so that they would be able to review electronic editions, which they did, they reviewed the Blake Archive and gave it high marks,
"moved from North Carolina State to University of Virginia"Evidence Source
Well, in 1993, I moved from North Carolina State to University of Virginia, and that was a much broader job.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the old lady did not have a network jack"Evidence Source
Eventually it became clear that the old lady did not have a network jack, so we put together this laptop and said, “OK, we want an overhead projector.
"I've hosted it twice"Evidence Source
It took me a while to understand the importance of the social programme of this conference, you should always attend but then every year since going, I've hosted it twice ...
"It was half in French and half in English"Evidence Source
The first conference was a little weird. It was half in French and half in English, it was strictly segregated, you know, the French sessions and the sessions in English.
"set up a web server, which was big deal in 1994, and we set it up for these projects that we were going to do in Virginia"Evidence Source
We had just set up a web server, which was big deal in 1994, and we set it up for these projects that we were going to do in Virginia, it was a sort of decision.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"that was a huge game changer for academic computing"Evidence Source
and that was a huge game changer for academic computing because we would never have had the same impact on our colleagues as that did, because that swept up everybody.
"it was a little TRS-80 that kept its data on a cassette recorder and ran basic programmes"Evidence Source
I also had another hand-me-down of his, it was a little TRS-80 that kept its data on a cassette recorder and ran basic programmes.
"In 1994 really, is when people started talking about the web in the New York Times"Evidence Source
In 1994 really, is when people started talking about the web in the New York Times and suddenly, then very rapidly [it] became something that was for everybody,
"Postmodern Culture was on that list"Evidence Source
when Mosaic first came out it had a what's cool list built into it, it was like a bookmarks list that was built into it, and Postmodern Culture was on that list, because there were so few cool things that we were on it.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I belonged to one of the first network discussion groups that I found was called tattoo""it was on body modification"Evidence Source
I belonged to one of the first network discussion groups that I found was called tattoo, and it was on body modification and I subscribed to it, because it was like the only thing out there, and I was like “I wanna see how this works”.
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No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"had the good fortune of going to the University of Waterloo"Evidence Source
Then I had the good fortune of going to the University of Waterloo, where that was not only part of the curriculum but even in their English department, which I was in as an undergraduate.
"had a co-op programme"Evidence Source
They also had an association with computer science; they had a co-op programme where people went into computational environments for work terms when they weren't in their academic terms and that was the foundation for a movement forward, always with a couple of very strong, positive academic mentors.
"was teaching courses in the mid-eighties on"Evidence Source
While I was there they hired a gaming professor, specifically a gaming professor, who was teaching courses in the mid-eighties on computer games as narrative.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"then called humanities computing""then called humanities computing, or computational literary studies"Evidence Source
I then went on to do graduate work at a number of places, all of which had fledgling programmes in digital humanities, then called humanities computing, or computational literary studies and things like that.
"working with people at University of Alberta""working with people at University of Toronto""working with people at University of Alberta, University of Toronto, Oxford, University of British Columbia""working with people at University of Alberta, University of Toronto, Oxford, University of British Columbia"Evidence Source
In addition to Waterloo, I had the pleasure of working with people at University of Alberta, University of Toronto, Oxford, University of British Columbia, always finding really interesting and engaged people who were starting things in what we now know as digital humanities.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"at the IBM research labs""developed the first key word in context dynamic index"Evidence Source
and his brother was the person who, at the IBM research labs, developed the first key word in context dynamic index and then gave it back to our community in the late 1950s-1960s, before humanities computing exploding in the sixties and then with the further booms afterwards.
"gave it back to our community in the late 1950s-1960s""before humanities computing exploding in the sixties"Evidence Source
developed the first key word in context dynamic index and then gave it back to our community in the late 1950s-1960s, before humanities computing exploding in the sixties and then with the further booms afterwards.
"at a couple of different institutions, including Oxford, where I got to know Lou Burnard and the folks at OUCS"Evidence Source
from there I spent time at a couple of different institutions, including Oxford, where I got to know Lou Burnard and the folks at OUCS,
"at that power house where Willard McCarty was as well, that is the University of Toronto Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH)""at that power house where Willard McCarty was as well, that is the University of Toronto Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH)""was as well, that is the University of Toronto Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH)"Evidence Source
I spent time with Ian Lancashire and many of his colleagues, Russ Wooldridge and others at that power house where Willard McCarty was as well, that is the University of Toronto Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH);
"went on to work with people like Steven Reimer and David Miall""went on to work with people like Steven Reimer and David Miall""at the University of Alberta""at the University of Alberta"Evidence Source
I then went on to work with people like Steven Reimer and David Miall at the University of Alberta.
"I worked with Paul Stanwood""a Renaissance literary English professor"Evidence Source
I worked with Paul Stanwood, a Renaissance literary English professor, and his brother was the person who, at the IBM research labs, developed the first key word in context dynamic index and then gave it back to our community in the late 1950s-1960s, before humanities computing exploding in the sixties and then with the further booms afterwards.
"had then come from Harvard""to the University of Waterloo""to do arts computing""was our hire in gaming at that point"Evidence Source
So, in my undergraduate degree Phil Smith, who had then come from Harvard to the University of Waterloo to do arts computing; Paul Beam; Neil Randall as well, he was our hire in gaming at that point.
"University of British Columbia, where I ultimately completed my degree"Evidence Source
University of British Columbia, where I ultimately completed my degree working with a number of digital humanists — but ultimately the brother of one of the key figures in digital humanities, often unsung:
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we call it the Internet for short"Evidence Source
And I said, “well what is this?” and they said, “Oh, it's Telecommunication Protocol / Internet Protocol”. And I said, “What's that?”, they said “Well, we call it the Internet for short.”
"one of my work terms was with IBM in Toronto"Evidence Source
For example, one of my work terms was with IBM in Toronto, I was at [the University of] Waterloo which is very close to Toronto; I was doing documentation in the IBM lab, and they gave me this big pile of books and said, “OK, it's your job to revise these.”
"sit at the intersection of computational method and humanities endeavour""sit at the intersection of computational method and humanities endeavour"Evidence Source
Now Willard [McCarty] says, digital humanities and humanities computing sit at the intersection of computational method and humanities endeavour.
"my other field is early Tudor Renaissance English literature"Evidence Source
You may know my other field is early Tudor Renaissance English literature, which is very exciting and dynamic too, but it's very different.
"read literature at St Andrews""read literature at St Andrews"Evidence Source
I started off the same, I read literature at St Andrews, which is very much the old style, so I know exactly what you mean: dynamic, but in a completely, completely different way.
"in the late eighties to early nineties, 89–91"Evidence Source
and I was happy to have had it in graduate school during my master's degree in the late eighties to early nineties, 89–91.
"was taking courses about computer gaming""was taking courses about computer assisted learning""was taking courses about computer assisted learning and what we would now call digital humanities"Evidence Source
In the English department I was taking courses about computer gaming, I was taking courses about computer assisted learning and what we would now call digital humanities.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"to begin to use text analysis computing tools (TACT from the University of Toronto)"Evidence Source
Its a very long poem and my first engagement before I sat down and read it — I read it through straight as best I could — was to begin to use text analysis computing tools (TACT from the University of Toronto) it gave me a sense of things that close-reading might uncover.
"to begin to use text analysis computing tools (TACT from the University of Toronto)""TACT from the University of Toronto"Evidence Source
my first engagement before I sat down and read it — I read it through straight as best I could — was to begin to use text analysis computing tools (TACT from the University of Toronto) it gave me a sense of things that close-reading might uncover.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Steve Jones' dissertation advisor"Evidence Source
(also I believe Steve Jones' dissertation advisor, who's not of the same generation as my father).
"dissertation advisor from University of Wisconsin""in the late fifties and early sixties"Evidence Source
one of them was his own dissertation advisor from University of Wisconsin in the late fifties and early sixties, Karl Kroeber who had done work in this area
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No extractions found for this utterance.
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"I went to a number of conferences with him, the SIGDOC Group"Evidence Source
And so I went to a number of conferences with him, the SIGDOC Group, a documentation group under ACM's special interest group structure,
"I grew up in Edmonton"Evidence Source
I grew up in Edmonton, which is up far away, especially if you go back to twenty/thirty years ago, very far away even by air from larger centres where conferences then would take place and there was a lot going on, it was really exciting.
"in 1989 when I was still in that part of the world around Toronto, where the first joint conference between the two groups, ACH and ALLC, took place"Evidence Source
I was actually right next door with some of the same people in 1989 when I was still in that part of the world around Toronto, where the first joint conference between the two groups, ACH and ALLC, took place.
"I went to the Society for Teaching, Learning and Higher Education"Evidence Source
I went to the Society for Teaching, Learning and Higher Education, where a lot of our pedagogical work was being shown off,
"That was '89"Evidence Source
That was '89; it's a few years passed since.
"a documentation group under ACM's special interest group structure"Evidence Source
the SIGDOC Group, a documentation group under ACM's special interest group structure,
"when the two groups came together, the North Americans and the European groups"Evidence Source
who were then at a conference that was truly momentous, I believe, for our discipline when the two groups came together, the North Americans and the European groups.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"summer institute in Victoria"Evidence Source
those who are involved in training, and other ventures including what we do at the summer institute in Victoria but, also, those in industry.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"that was in the very early 1980s, ’80 or ’81, perhaps"Evidence Source
I remember that very well, that was in the very early 1980s, ’80 or ’81, perhaps. That was my first experience with computers.
"across the corridor was the Institute of Continental Shelf Research"Evidence Source
I was a Philosophy student at the University of Trondheim, Norway and across the corridor was the Institute of Continental Shelf Research.
"That was my first experience with computers"Evidence Source
I was a Philosophy student at the University of Trondheim, Norway … That was my first experience with computers.
"University of Trondheim, Norway"Evidence Source
I was a Philosophy student at the University of Trondheim, Norway.
"I was a Philosophy student at the University of Trondheim, Norway"Evidence Source
I was a Philosophy student at the University of Trondheim, Norway.
"a DEC [Digital Equipment Corporation] machine with the VAX/VMS operating system"Evidence Source
It was a DEC [Digital Equipment Corporation] machine with the VAX/VMS operating system which had a very good text editor.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"which was a co-operation between the Philosophy Departments at the (then four) universities of Norway"Evidence Source
a project called the Norwegian Wittgenstein Project, which was a co-operation between the Philosophy Departments at the (then four) universities of Norway.
"I was hired to transcribe Wittgenstein’s writings"Evidence Source
And I was hired to transcribe Wittgenstein’s writings.
"the transcription was done on a typewriter, and then it was OCR-read off site somewhere"Evidence Source
At that time the transcription was done on a typewriter, and then it was OCR-read off site somewhere.
"since I had learned to use text processing, we typed it directly into the machine"Evidence Source
But gradually, since I had learned to use text processing, we typed it directly into the machine, which was wonderful.
"I was hired to work on a project called the Norwegian Wittgenstein Project"Evidence Source
My first encounter was when I was hired to work on a project called the Norwegian Wittgenstein Project, which was a co-operation between the Philosophy Departments at the (then four) universities of Norway.
"They had acquired a microfilm copy of Wittgenstein’s writings"Evidence Source
They had acquired a microfilm copy of Wittgenstein’s writings.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"get the job as the leader of the Norwegian Wittgenstein project"Evidence Source
Later I was fortunate to get the job as the leader of the Norwegian Wittgenstein project.
"with good help from colleagues at the Norwegian Computing Center for the Humanities"Evidence Source
So I learned to program, and with good help from colleagues at the Norwegian Computing Center for the Humanities, I managed to get into the matter.
"had already started using some kind of text encoding""had written software for doing things with the stuff"Evidence Source
They had already started using some kind of text encoding and had written software for doing things with the stuff.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they had a staff of people who were trained in applying computing to Humanities"Evidence Source
And they had a staff of people who were trained in applying computing to Humanities, for example.
"had been established already in 1972 in Bergen""had been established already in 1972 in Bergen"Evidence Source
the Norwegian Computing Center for the Humanities, which had been established already in 1972 in Bergen.
"the project was situated in the Norwegian Computing Center for the Humanities"Evidence Source
Well, by then I had moved to Bergen, and the project was situated in the Norwegian Computing Center for the Humanities, which had been established already in 1972 in Bergen.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the Director of the computing center, Lars H. Hauge"Evidence Source
But the Director of the computing center, Lars H. Hauge, gave me the self-confidence I needed.
"now at the University of Oslo"Evidence Source
Espen S. Ore (now at the University of Oslo).
"with whom I have had a close cooperation ever since"Evidence Source
It was also through the Text Encoding Initiative that I got to know Michael Sperberg-McQueen, with whom I have had a close cooperation ever since, later to be joined by Yves Marcoux from the University of Montreal.
"now at the National Library in Oslo"Evidence Source
Lars G. Johnsen (now at the National Library in Oslo).
"I got in touch with the Text Encoding Initiative, and started to take part in its working group meetings and conferences""its working group meetings and conferences"Evidence Source
Later in the 1980s, I got in touch with the Text Encoding Initiative, and started to take part in its working group meetings and conferences.
"from the University of Montreal"Evidence Source
later to be joined by Yves Marcoux from the University of Montreal.
"now at Uni Computing, Bergen"Evidence Source
Øystein Reigem (now at Uni Computing, Bergen).
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we got support from the University of Bergen""worked on that for 10 years"Evidence Source
And then we got support from the University of Bergen and worked on that for 10 years.
"worked very hard on establishing a new project, called the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen"Evidence Source
So I worked very hard on establishing a new project, called the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen.
"as a computing consultant of sorts at the Norwegian Centre for Computing in the Humanities"Evidence Source
So then I had to earn my living as a computing consultant of sorts at the Norwegian Centre for Computing in the Humanities.
"That project started in 1990""based on an understanding with the Wittgenstein Trustees"Evidence Source
That project started in 1990, based on an understanding with the Wittgenstein Trustees.
"was closed because of lack of clarity about copyright and some other matters"Evidence Source
This first project was closed because of lack of clarity about copyright and some other matters.
"the agreement allowed us to produce what was called a machine-readable version of the Wittgenstein Nachlass, and to publish it in electronic form"Evidence Source
We had an agreement with them, and the agreement allowed us to produce what was called a machine-readable version of the Wittgenstein Nachlass, and to publish it in electronic form, but very clearly not to produce anything in book form.
"published them with Oxford University Press"Evidence Source
We spent exactly 10 years transcribing and finishing all the 20,000 pages of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass and published them with Oxford University Press.
"Wittgenstein had assigned the copyright to his writings to colleagues in Philosophy in England and Finland"Evidence Source
Wittgenstein had assigned the copyright to his writings to colleagues in Philosophy in England and Finland.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"SGML had just been established as an ISO standard a few years before"Evidence Source
SGML had just been established as an ISO standard a few years before.
"which meant that I had to develop all the software"Evidence Source
So I decided on a code system or markup language (A Multi-Element Code System (MECS)) especially for this, which meant that I had to develop all the software and this was a lot of work.
"I decided on a code system or markup language (A Multi-Element Code System (MECS)) especially for this""a code system or markup language (A Multi-Element Code System (MECS)) especially for this"Evidence Source
So I decided on a code system or markup language (A Multi-Element Code System (MECS)) especially for this.
"We, or I, decided not to use SGML for a number of reasons"Evidence Source
We, or I, decided not to use SGML for a number of reasons.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"now it is accessible electronically"Evidence Source
and now it is accessible electronically.
"parts of the Nachlass is now available on the web"Evidence Source
Because of the contract restraints it is still not possible although parts of the Nachlass is now available on the web.
"has become a centre for Wittgenstein research"Evidence Source
I think it’s simply because it has become a centre for Wittgenstein research and people travel there to see people, other people.
"the copyright holders did not want to let that happen"Evidence Source
it was out of the question because the copyright holders did not want to let that happen.
"we published the entire collected works on CD at Oxford University Press"Evidence Source
So we spent 10 years on this and then we published the entire collected works on CD at Oxford University Press.
"the originals in Cambridge"Evidence Source
The whole reason for doing this work was to make the writings accessible so it would not be necessary for scholars to travel to see the originals in Cambridge, in the Austrian National Library and there are a couple of manuscripts in Canada as well.
"a couple of manuscripts in Canada as well"Evidence Source
there are a couple of manuscripts in Canada as well.
"in the Austrian National Library"Evidence Source
to travel to see the originals in Cambridge, in the Austrian National Library and there are a couple of manuscripts in Canada as well.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"he gave the copyright of all his unpublished manuscripts to the four people mentioned"Evidence Source
He said in his will that he gave the copyright of all his unpublished manuscripts to the four people mentioned to publish and dispose of as they think fit.
"That was 1951"Evidence Source
That was 1951.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"for a couple of years after that I was Acting Director of the Humanities Computing Center in Bergen"Evidence Source
for a couple of years after that I was Acting Director of the Humanities Computing Center in Bergen.
"I became an Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy in 1994"Evidence Source
I became an Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy in 1994.
"In 2002 I picked up the position that I held at the Department of Philosophy since 1994"Evidence Source
In 2002 I picked up the position that I held at the Department of Philosophy since 1994.
"able to also teach Humanities Computing in Bergen"Evidence Source
Since then I have been teaching Philosophy and been fortunate enough to be able to also teach Humanities Computing in Bergen.
"Since then I have been teaching Philosophy"Evidence Source
Since then I have been teaching Philosophy.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we organised some seminars along those lines"Evidence Source
These were issues that interested me a lot, so we organised some seminars along those lines and that was quite interesting.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Philosophy is a discipline which is performed almost entirely in language"Evidence Source
Philosophy is a discipline which is performed almost entirely in language: you talk, you listen, you read, you write.
"philosophical traditions too, mainly the English/American Analytic Philosophy"Evidence Source
this has to do with philosophical traditions too, mainly the English/American Analytic Philosophy which, to a large extent, is a systematic, problem-oriented discipline.
"the continental, especially the German tradition, historically had a lot of editorial works"Evidence Source
Whereas the continental, especially the German tradition, historically had a lot of editorial works.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"hired to teach ESL"Evidence Source
At that point I was teaching at this American school - I was partly hired to teach ESL so I started to write little programmes, drill and kill-type programmes.
"taught from '82-'85"Evidence Source
I also remember very vividly, this was, I taught from '82-'85, I remember very, very vividly when the first Macintoshes came in and I and a friend who were into computers, we trundled down to the Apple Store in Kuwait City and we sat down and played around with this first Macintosh and it immediately appealed to me.
"grew up in"Evidence Source
I should say I grew up in Italy, so when I was in high school there weren't a lot of computers around.
"took a year studying in India"Evidence Source
I took a year out of college so it was really, I guess, my fourth year, I took a year studying in India, but it was my second to the last year, when I took this computer science course and from there on in I actually used, I got access to the lab and I hated typing so much that I used the computing facilities.
"got credit from the University of Washington"Evidence Source
One of the teachers, I guess he was a science teacher, taught computing and he ran a class for the teachers and I actually, I believe I got credit from the University of Washington, or something like that, as like an extension class that he ran.
"was teaching in an American school in Kuwait"Evidence Source
So I was sort of hanging out in that culture, then my first job a couple of years after I graduated was as a teacher in the Middle East. I was teaching in an American school in Kuwait and at that point I bought myself a computer — and it was an Apple II clone.
"had a little Apple II lab"Evidence Source
The high school was well funded, it had a little Apple II lab and I started to bring my students in to use them to try to do some pedagogical stuff with the computer lab.
"took a computer science course, or an introduction to computing course"Evidence Source
When I got to college was when I first encountered computers and I took a computer science course, or an introduction to computing course.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was the Assistant Director of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH)"Evidence Source
I wandered into Willard McCarty's office (I was then at the University of Toronto and Willard was the Assistant Director of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH)) and I was obviously by now quite into computing and trying to find a community.
"paid for graduate students to be embedded in Computing Services as sort of evangelist trainers and support people"Evidence Source
In effect this involved Apple paying for mostly graduate students, I think at some other universities it might have been senior undergrads, but at UT it was all graduate students. So they paid for graduate students to be embedded in Computing Services as sort of evangelist trainers and support people and this was a godsend for me, in a number of ways.
"I was then at the University of Toronto"Evidence Source
So, I spent more money, didn't have a hard drive but I was happy, and just to sort of wrap it all up, a year or so later or whatever, I wandered into Willard McCarty's office (I was then at the University of Toronto and Willard was the Assistant Director of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH)) and I was obviously by now quite into computing and trying to find a community.
"I was in the Microcomputer Support Unit"Evidence Source
This was right when the internet was happening, right when the shift from mainframes to, at least at the University of Toronto, I was in the Microcomputer Support Unit, you know — I was probably in the unit that had the largest number of smart people who understood internet computing in all of Canada, and I could hang out there all the time I wanted to and then I was sort of put in charge of, I did a lot of training, and I would meet and I would work with various Faculty members and stuff like that, so that's sort of really the way I took off.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I became the HyperCard expert""in '89 I actually got hired by Computing Services"Evidence Source
A big part of my job was, I became the HyperCard expert, and in '89 I actually got hired by Computing Services because I was embedded, they saw me and got to know me, and I actually took on a full-time job as a text and presentation specialist, I was working under John Bradley in Computing Services.
"called UTCS for University of Toronto Computing Services"Evidence Source
I need to stress that this is different from what Willard [McCarty] did, Willard was in CCH, John Bradley and I were in the central Computing Services, [actually called UTCS for University of Toronto Computing Services].
"went to UT in '85"Evidence Source
No, this is like I'm guessing '86, '87. Well, I went to UT in '85; in '86 or '87 I started as an Apple Research Partner and it was a very interesting programme.
"it was a Canadian programme"Evidence Source
They were funding these Apple Research Partners across Canada; it was a Canadian programme.
"gave a Macintosh lab to the University of Toronto Computing Services"Evidence Source
This was back in the days when computing companies had a lot of money, when there were big margins on personal computers, so Apple, for example, gave a Macintosh lab to the University of Toronto Computing Services and one of the things I did was to run training in that lab on Macintoshes, design it and run courses.
"started as an Apple Research Partner"Evidence Source
Well, I went to UT in '85; in '86 or '87 I started as an Apple Research Partner and it was a very interesting programme.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was a leading unit at the time, along with Oxford and, you know, Susan Hockey was at Princeton at CETH. Toronto, CETH and Oxford were the three major units, at least in the English-speaking world"Evidence Source
CCH, which was a leading unit at the time, along with Oxford and, you know, Susan Hockey was at Princeton at CETH. Toronto, CETH and Oxford were the three major units, at least in the English-speaking world, and overnight CCH got shut down — why?
"had at various times reported to a Vice President Information Technology"Evidence Source
I was part of the University of Toronto Computing Services, which had at various times reported to a Vice President Information Technology or something or other ...
"I was building labs for the Italian Department"Evidence Source
It's not building labs for us. I was building labs for the Italian Department.
"by 1990 or 91, I was actually involved with Instructional Technology, so I was like a project manager"Evidence Source
Now how did this affect me, because by 1990 or 91, I was actually involved with Instructional Technology, so I was like a project manager.
"was set up as an academic unit, it had a research function"Evidence Source
So anyway, CCH was set up as an academic unit, it had a research function.
"reported to the Dean of Arts and Science"Evidence Source
So CCH reported to the Dean of Arts and Science, which was the big faculty.
"we were a service unit"Evidence Source
So, going back to your original questions, CCH was an academic unit, we were a service unit.
"had, for example, the big administrative mainframes, you know, people's grades, people's pay cheques and stuff like that"Evidence Source
The unit I worked for had, for example, the big administrative mainframes, you know, people's grades, people's pay cheques and stuff like that.
"ran O-Net"Evidence Source
They ran the network, they, in fact, ran a lot of the internet in Canada because they ran O-Net.
"got shut down"Evidence Source
Toronto, CETH and Oxford were the three major units, at least in the English-speaking world, and overnight CCH got shut down — why? Because they were doing their own stuff and then the Dean, when there were cutbacks, the Dean sort of asked the various Chairs, you know, is this unit supporting you?
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we presented that paper in '94, I believe it was '94, at the Paris conference in '94"Evidence Source
And then we began to do what today people would I guess call data mining. We were trying to see if there were any correlations and we presented that paper in '94, I believe it was '94, at the Paris conference in '94.
"SIMWEB was built on TACTweb""it was running at McMaster's"Evidence Source
I can find the name of the paper — but the paper, I think we were presenting on the SIMWEB project, which may sort of be running somewhere; no, it's probably down now because it was running at McMaster's SIMWEB was built on TACTweb.
"my thesis was on philosophical dialogue"Evidence Source
My thesis was, was fairly pure but inevitably I was doing a certain amount of humanities computing on the side, in the sense of, I was using, John Bradley and I decided to, at a certain point, to use our lunch hours to start talking about text analysis. ... And so, because my thesis was on philosophical dialogue we began to do a series of experiments on dialogues, mostly Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion.
"went through the University of Toronto card catalogue year by year"Evidence Source
So John and I began to, we began to do stuff that people are doing a lot of now but we went through the University of Toronto card catalogue year by year, gathering all the references that had the word dialogue in the title and then we also did a bunch of control words like “Plato” and “Hume” and some other control words and stuff like that.
"is still up on CHWP [Computing in the Humanities Working Papers]"Evidence Source
The outcome could be, you know, could be a Key word in context (KWIC), a list of words, or, you know, a number — 42 — but the pipeline and the Eye ConTact paper, which is still up on CHWP [Computing in the Humanities Working Papers], sort of came out of that work.
"We ended up prototyping a visual programming environment for text analysis"Evidence Source
We ended up prototyping a visual programming environment for text analysis, so there were these two strands to visualisation.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Perseus, when it ran on HyperCard""wrote extensions that searched the TLG [Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]"Evidence Source
And I was next to Elli Mylonas, showing off the early days of Perseus, when it ran on HyperCard and they wrote extensions that searched the TLG [Thesaurus Linguae Graecae] and the two of us hit it off, the two of us were the two HyperCard hackers.
"started running that non-credit graduate course""I both took it and I actually did some talks to it"Evidence Source
And later on when he started running that non-credit graduate course, I both took it and I actually did some talks to it.
"was held at the University of Toronto"Evidence Source
I would say the moment that most brought the sense of community to me was in 1989 when the joint ACH/ALLC conference was held at the University of Toronto.
"I subscribed to Humanist"Evidence Source
in 1987, when Humanist was started, I think I subscribed within the year, you know, maybe it wasn't '87, it was '88 or something like that, I subscribed to Humanist.
"was working for Computing Services""very closely connected to CCH"Evidence Source
John Bradley, who was the lead programmer on TACT, so he was actually very closely connected to CCH, even though he was working for Computing Services.
"was the lead programmer on TACT"Evidence Source
once I was embedded in UTCS, even when I was just an ARPP person, I was hanging out a lot with John Bradley, who was the lead programmer on TACT, so he was actually very closely connected to CCH, even though he was working for Computing Services.
"in 1987, when Humanist was started"Evidence Source
So I guess I was aware that there was this thing and in 1987, when Humanist was started, I think I subscribed within the year, you know, maybe it wasn't '87, it was '88 or something like that, I subscribed to Humanist.
"I had been doing a lot of work in HyperCard and I was one of the exhibitors"Evidence Source
There was an exhibit hall and I had been doing a lot of work in HyperCard and I was one of the exhibitors, I was actually sitting right next to, what's his name from TUSTEP, who, he did not understand a damn thing I did and I didn't understand a damn thing he did.
"in '85 once I connected with CCH"Evidence Source
Well, I had a sense in '85 once I connected with CCH, I had a sense.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"gave a talk"Evidence Source
Anyway, Ted Nelson came to town and gave a talk. I went to his talk, I feel guilty that I didn't go to, Northrop Frye talked at that conference and I didn't go to his talk.
"Wilhelm Ott could be doing with TUSTEP"Evidence Source
but of course at that time I was convinced that the PC was passé and anything Wilhelm Ott could be doing with TUSTEP, you know, sure it may have some cool features but it'll be even better on the Mac anyway soon.
"was supposed to teach a workshop on hypertext"Evidence Source
Oh, George Landow! So the other thing that made me feel part of the community, George Landow was supposed to, you see the week before there were workshops, he was supposed to teach a workshop on hypertext and he had some family issues, personal issues whatever, he bailed.
"they asked me to teach the hypertext workshop, which I taught at the Mac Lab in Computing Services and I basically taught HyperCard and hypertext"Evidence Source
So at the last moment they asked me to teach the hypertext workshop, which I taught at the Mac Lab in Computing Services and I basically taught HyperCard and hypertext.
"from about '89 I've been going semi-regularly to the DH conferences and giving papers"Evidence Source
So I guess that conference was an important one, I think that's probably, after that is when I started going to more and more conferences. I've been to most of the DH conferences, I've probably missed three or four when children were being born, or you know, important things like that, but from about '89 I've been going semi-regularly to the DH conferences and giving papers.
"was doing these really cool HyperCard stats for teaching Japanese"Evidence Source
there was this brilliant young Japanese Studies graduate student, who was doing these really cool HyperCard stats for teaching Japanese; she actually ended up connecting with Apple and some of her things got commercially published — Nikki Yokokura.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I applied and I got the job"Evidence Source
and anyway, I applied and I got the job.
"had produced a whole series of language software, the first in the mcBookmaster series, which ran on DOS PCs"Evidence Source
He had partly done that because he had produced a whole series of language software, the first in the mcBookmaster series, which ran on DOS PCs and were sort of drill and kill floppy disk-based ones.
"I started on August 1st 1994""I defended December 23rd and that would have been, I guess, 1994"Evidence Source
I defended December 23rd and that would have been, I guess, 1994, yes, so I started on August 1st 1994, so by December I defended, they converted it to tenure track and the next year they convened some sort of committee, converted it to tenure track and the position.
"this was in '94"Evidence Source
It was advertised as a humanities computing position and at this point, so this was in '94,
"was the first job openly advertised as a humanities computing position"Evidence Source
It was, as far as I can tell, it was the first job openly advertised as a humanities computing position. You know, it wasn't an English position with some computing thrown in, or something like that. It was advertised as a humanities computing position and at this point, so this was in '94,
"is in Hamilton Ontario"Evidence Source
So McMaster University, which is in Hamilton Ontario, which is sort of down the lake from Toronto, they advertised a position, it was a two-year position convertible to tenure track.
"for 10 years I directed the Humanities, Media and Computing labs at McMaster"Evidence Source
That's when they created the position and so I got hired into a position and for 10 years I directed the Humanities, Media and Computing labs at McMaster.
"had slowly turned the language labs of the Faculty of Humanities at McMaster into computing labs"Evidence Source
They had had, under Sam Cioran, who was actually someone very important at least in Canadian history in some ways, he was very local but very important, he had slowly turned the language labs of the Faculty of Humanities at McMaster into computing labs.
"ran the labs that were open to all Humanities students"Evidence Source
We had both an academic director, namely me, so we had a bit of an academic mission but we also had a service mission. My staff fixed the Dean's computer; we made sure the networking worked right; we ran the labs that were open to all Humanities students;
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we were not a department until 2005"Evidence Source
I can remember one way that that manifested itself was through hiring. Because we were not a department until 2005, whenever we hired a tenure track Prof we got into this, and this happened even when they were hiring me, we got into this situation where we would have a wide ad, we might bring three candidates to campus;
"got base funding first and designed a multimedia programme and then later a communication studies programme"Evidence Source
I got working with the Dean, we got base funding first and designed a multimedia programme and then later a communication studies programme and that's when there was really serious concern that the Faculty was going to cease being a, you know, all the students would be taking multimedia and communication studies and the traditional departments would wither away.
"sitting for 10 years on the Dean's advisory council"Evidence Source
I sat on the Dean's Advisory Council, so one sense of things was sitting for 10 years on the Dean's advisory council and having Chairs snipe at me.
"I was Assistant to the Dean"Evidence Source
So, initially I was not in a department, I was Assistant to the Dean, in my capacity as directing a unit, I was Assistant to the Dean.
"had to design three courses which I would teach"Evidence Source
So, it was like most universities, there are a series of committees you had to take things through and especially when I hit Faculty Council. The first time round I brought in three courses; then we brought in some funding and I had to bring nine courses through.
"you could only do multimedia if you combined it with another Humanities degree, you could not do it alone"Evidence Source
We mitigated that partly, when we were running the multimedia programme we brought it in as a combined honours, you could only do multimedia if you combined it with another Humanities degree, you could not do it alone.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"organised a conference at Victoria""I once gave a paper at, Ray [Siemens] organised a conference at Victoria"Evidence Source
I once gave a paper at, Ray [Siemens] organised a conference at Victoria back in the early years when he was still at Malaspina University College (now the University of Vancouver Island) and I gave a paper in which I sort of mentioned this idea.
"now the University of Vancouver Island"Evidence Source
Ray [Siemens] organised a conference at Victoria back in the early years when he was still at Malaspina University College (now the University of Vancouver Island) and I gave a paper in which I sort of mentioned this idea.
"his New Science""is about the birth of institutions"Evidence Source
So, the sort of philosopher of history and science, Giambattista Vico, his New Science is about the birth of institutions and the thing I always find interesting about it;
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the computer arrived, it was a 360/20, which is the smallest in that famous 360 line"Evidence Source
But then the computer arrived, it was a 360/20, which is the smallest in that famous 360 line and the preparations were on-going.
"went to training classes. But that’s really leading into your second question, “did you receive formal training in programming and computing?” At that time the IBM customer service was excellent and I took courses in operating and programming."Evidence Source
I said I would think about it, thought about it and I said “yes” and went to training classes. But that’s really leading into your second question, “did you receive formal training in programming and computing?” At that time the IBM customer service was excellent and I took courses in operating and programming.
"I was a research assistant at the organisation""having come from Switzerland just a year or two before"Evidence Source
I was a research assistant at the organisation, having come from Switzerland just a year or two before
"had a memory of only 12 K""later augmented to 16 K"Evidence Source
In spite of its size, the 360/20 had a memory of only 12 K, later augmented to 16 K.
"at the Modern Languages Association (MLA) in New York"Evidence Source
It was about 1968 or 1969 and I was at the Modern Languages Association (MLA) in New York.
"was in the process of introducing a computer"Evidence Source
It was about 1968 or 1969 and I was at the Modern Languages Association (MLA) in New York. The MLA at that time was in the process of introducing a computer, mainly to help with administrative tasks.
"the first task was to convert the membership list, an address list of about 30,000 members"Evidence Source
the first task was to convert the membership list, an address list of about 30,000 members
"Those were all punched on cards."Evidence Source
Those were all punched on cards.
"which at that time were still on metal plates on what we called an addressograph machine"Evidence Source
which at that time were still on metal plates on what we called an addressograph machine.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we successfully converted the membership list and went on to other administrative tasks"Evidence Source
I took the courses and we successfully converted the membership list and went on to other administrative tasks.
"IBM had a classroom building in Manhattan""I took courses, first in operating and then in programming"Evidence Source
Yes, IBM had a classroom building in Manhattan and I took courses, first in operating and then in programming.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they only had one mainframe available"Evidence Source
I remember another frustration was that they only had one mainframe available.
"They were from businesses all over New York that had ordered IBM equipment recently"Evidence Source
They were from businesses all over New York that had ordered IBM equipment recently, or at that point, and needed to programme.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"it was practically 50/50. It was pretty balanced."Evidence Source
As I recall it was practically 50/50. It was pretty balanced.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"It was billed as operation (which required a different set of skills to make those huge monsters run) and programming"Evidence Source
It was billed as operation (which required a different set of skills to make those huge monsters run) and programming (the programming was, at that time, nothing very complex but we had to do something.)
No extractions found for this utterance.
"about 5 months, 6 months"Evidence Source
Those courses, on average, I would say about 5 months, 6 months.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"twice or three times a week"Evidence Source
No, it was sort of twice or three times a week.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"converting all the administrative tasks (accounting, budgeting, membership services etc.) so that they could be done with computing"Evidence Source
As we worked on converting all the administrative tasks (accounting, budgeting, membership services etc.) so that they could be done with computing
"we also had an outside firm compose the MLA International Bibliography (MLA IB)"Evidence Source
As we worked on converting all the administrative tasks (accounting, budgeting, membership services etc.) so that they could be done with computing, we also had an outside firm compose the MLA International Bibliography (MLA IB).
"we would prepare a tape with all the typesetting codes and they would then set the type from this tape"Evidence Source
By ‘composing’ I mean that we would prepare a tape with all the typesetting codes and they would then set the type from this tape.
"they made it available online as the first international database in the Humanities"Evidence Source
I drove to Lockheed and gave them the tape and they made it available online as the first international database in the Humanities.
"with the Wilson Company in New York, a publisher of articles and books for the library world.""the Wilson Company in New York"Evidence Source
I then negotiated, now we’re moving into the late 1970s or early 1980s, with the Wilson Company in New York, a publisher of articles and books for the library world.
"The MLA was the first organisation to make a reference work in the Humanities available online."Evidence Source
The MLA was the first organisation to make a reference work in the Humanities available online.
"The Wilson Quarterly also had an online service."Evidence Source
The Wilson Quarterly also had an online service.
"They made databases available for online searching."Evidence Source
They made databases available for online searching.
"made it available online as the first international database in the Humanities"Evidence Source
they made it available online as the first international database in the Humanities.
"We produced the first CD of the MLA IB to be made available through Wilson."Evidence Source
We produced the first CD of the MLA IB to be made available through Wilson.
"was at that time the largest reference work for English, Foreign Languages, Folklore and Linguistics"Evidence Source
we produced the MLA IB, which was at that time the largest reference work for English, Foreign Languages, Folklore and Linguistics.
"We worked at that time with a company called Lockheed, the airplane manufacturer in California.""the airplane manufacturer in California"Evidence Source
We worked at that time with a company called Lockheed, the airplane manufacturer in California.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Lockheed spun off that service and called it DIALOG."Evidence Source
I couldn’t go elsewhere and then Lockheed spun off that service and called it DIALOG.
"saw a need to host databases from all over"Evidence Source
Lockheed, as I understand it, at that time got into computing and machine readable this and machine readable that and saw a need to host databases from all over.
"they, in fact, became the host"Evidence Source
There was no such thing at that time but they, in fact, became the host.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"it didn’t cost a thing"Evidence Source
No, as I recall, it didn’t cost a thing. I mean, they put it up online and the terms of the fee structure was that they somehow got a part of the hourly usage from each user.
"they somehow got a part of the hourly usage from each user"Evidence Source
they somehow got a part of the hourly usage from each user. So, Lockheed got a cut too and they got their money in the end that way.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"it was, at that time, the only exclusively Humanities database."Evidence Source
The MLA IB was our most extensive work and it was, at that time, the only exclusively Humanities database.
"We prided ourselves on being the first from the Humanities"Evidence Source
We prided ourselves on being the first from the Humanities because all the others that came before us were in Science, Social Science or other fields.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the early beginnings of TEI were really at the MLA in a conference room that I made available to that group"Evidence Source
And so the early beginnings of TEI were really at the MLA in a conference room that I made available to that group
"Apple was one of the first to agree to come."Evidence Source
At that time we had maybe three or four, I remember Apple was one of the first to agree to come.
"He founded the journal CHum""he was also very active in the ACH."Evidence Source
He founded the journal CHum; he was also very active in the ACH.
"he was a professor at Queen’s College."Evidence Source
He was the person who influenced me greatly, he was a professor at Queen’s College.
"a lot of work being done with the aid of computers, for example, word concordances, frequency studies and authorship tracking"Evidence Source
I became aware of a lot of work being done with the aid of computers, for example, word concordances, frequency studies and authorship tracking.
"I made the conference room of the MLA available to a small group and that turned out to be the founding, not the founding meeting, but the beginning of the Text Encoding Initiative."Evidence Source
I made the conference room of the MLA available to a small group and that turned out to be the founding, not the founding meeting, but the beginning of the Text Encoding Initiative.
"Parallel to the convention we had book publishers organize a huge exhibit of scholarly books."Evidence Source
Parallel to the convention we had book publishers organize a huge exhibit of scholarly books.
"I was on the board"Evidence Source
That was also the time that the journal CHum came out, and we organised an Association of Computers and the Humanities. I was on the board
"it usually draws about 10,000 members."Evidence Source
The MLA has an annual meeting, a fairly large gathering of its members, it usually draws about 10,000 members.
"there was a very active group of people in the MLA, dealing with computers and the Humanities."Evidence Source
Very early on, there was a very active group of people in the MLA, dealing with computers and the Humanities.
"most of that work was done at universities"Evidence Source
We began to dabble in all of this but not very seriously because most of that work was done at universities.
"We invited hardware manufacturers, software publishers and related industries to exhibit at the convention."Evidence Source
We invited hardware manufacturers, software publishers and related industries to exhibit at the convention.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I experienced a lot of hostility early on, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. I heard comments along the lines of “computers have no business in Humanities disciplines, computing is a scientific instrument and we don’t want to have anything to do with it”."Evidence Source
First of all, I experienced a lot of hostility early on, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. I heard comments along the lines of “computers have no business in Humanities disciplines, computing is a scientific instrument and we don’t want to have anything to do with it”.
"any kind of work, be that research with the help of a computer, or the creation of software, or anything related to computing, at that time anyway, got very little recognition."Evidence Source
So any kind of work, be that research with the help of a computer, or the creation of software, or anything related to computing, at that time anyway, got very little recognition.
"That was (or is, I’m still doing that) in the Scholarly Communication and the Technology Information programme."Evidence Source
That was (or is, I’m still doing that) in the Scholarly Communication and the Technology Information programme.
"the hostility against computing early on in the 1960s was profound."Evidence Source
That was my experience; the hostility against computing early on in the 1960s was profound.
"They included the sophisticated digitisation of medieval manuscript collections, infrastructure problems and projects like Bamboo""They included the sophisticated digitisation of medieval manuscript collections"Evidence Source
They included the sophisticated digitisation of medieval manuscript collections, infrastructure problems and projects like Bamboo
"when I became a Senior Advisor to the Mellon Foundation."Evidence Source
We’re talking now about the 1990s, and later, when I became a Senior Advisor to the Mellon Foundation.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the field as such really ceased to exist."Evidence Source
Of course, now things have developed in so many other ways and the field as such really ceased to exist.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we have an explicit mission to support women, I mean, girls really, in 11th and 12th grade, to choose an engineering career"Evidence Source
In my work at the EIF we have an explicit mission to support women, I mean, girls really, in 11th and 12th grade, to choose an engineering career
"I’m the President of the foundation"Evidence Source
I’m the President of the foundation so I think my views are well known.
"we continue giving grants to organisations that have innovative programmes in helping to attract and retain women in Engineering."Evidence Source
Large organisations have taken up the cause and we continue giving grants to organisations that have innovative programmes in helping to attract and retain women in Engineering.
"we’re giving grants to the so-called STEM programmes – Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics – to change the environment in the classroom"Evidence Source
So, we’re giving grants to the so-called STEM programmes – Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics – to change the environment in the classroom
No extractions found for this utterance.
"earlier projects that dealt with what we used to call library automation, where card catalogues were being converted to digital form or to computer-readable form"Evidence Source
I also worked with earlier projects that dealt with what we used to call library automation, where card catalogues were being converted to digital form or to computer-readable form.
"In DH we didn’t fall into the trap in the first place. We managed to stay out of it, luckily."Evidence Source
It is extremely different than the traditional Engineering field, there we have slow-going change in the atmosphere and climate. In DH we didn’t fall into the trap in the first place. We managed to stay out of it, luckily.
"they really did not have the preponderance of men that you would expect in a scientific environment. The majority were women and very effective women."Evidence Source
When I think of the DH projects that I’ve had to deal with, they really did not have the preponderance of men that you would expect in a scientific environment. The majority were women and very effective women.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I’m glad to still be involved in what I would call the advancement of computing in the Humanities."Evidence Source
I’m glad to still be involved in what I would call the advancement of computing in the Humanities.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"[arriving in 1972]"Evidence Source
[arriving in 1972]
"did an Open University degree in Mathematics, Computing and Systems""did an Open University degree"Evidence Source
And so I had a series of jobs in information technology and at the same time did an Open University degree in Mathematics, Computing and Systems.
"took the move to the United Kingdom [arriving in 1972]"Evidence Source
and took the move to the United Kingdom [arriving in 1972],
"that combined computing and humanities"Evidence Source
but I saw a job advertised at King's College London that combined computing and humanities.
"I worked for International Computers""and then for the British Broadcasting Corporation"Evidence Source
I worked for International Computers and then for the British Broadcasting Corporation.
"Rhodesia as it was [known then]"Evidence Source
So, when I came to leave Zimbabwe in 1971, [or] Rhodesia as it was [known then], and took the move to the United Kingdom [arriving in 1972],
"my undergraduate career, which was in French and English"Evidence Source
That actually goes back to my undergraduate career, which was in French and English.
"at university in Central Africa, in the country that is now Zimbabwe"Evidence Source
This was at university in Central Africa, in the country that is now Zimbabwe.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the year I spent doing a postgraduate certificate in education"Evidence Source
But then, I think probably the more fundamental thing was the year I spent doing a postgraduate certificate in education,
No extractions found for this utterance.
"one of the pioneers of European humanities computing"Evidence Source
A man called Roy Wisbey, who was one of the pioneers of European humanities computing,
"he had started something called the Centre for Literary and Linguistic Computing"Evidence Source
and at Cambridge he had started something called the Centre for Literary and Linguistic Computing,
"I worked for BBC engineering"Evidence Source
and in particular, I worked for BBC engineering, which for historical reasons was where the capital budget of the BBC resided,
"it was mainly to do with concordances"Evidence Source
And so it was mainly to do with concordances and that kind of thing,
"then it had become independent"Evidence Source
and then it had become independent in the way that a lot of University of London colleges did.
"had a role [in] supporting humanities"Evidence Source
as part of this merger, Roy Wisbey as a Vice Principal ensured that one of the reconstituted computing services groups had a role [in] supporting humanities,
"it was so bad that it was in danger of being disaccredited by the British Computer Society"Evidence Source
at that stage it was so bad that it was in danger of being disaccredited by the British Computer Society.
"by the time I got to King's in '88"Evidence Source
but nevertheless, it meant that there was already this long tradition by the time I got to King's in '88,
"King's is one of the places in the UK, where humanities has always been of particular excellence, it has always been, along with UCL and Oxford and Cambridge, one of the top four or five humanities institutions in Research Assessment Exercises"Evidence Source
fortunately, King's is one of the places in the UK, where humanities has always been of particular excellence, it has always been, along with UCL and Oxford and Cambridge, one of the top four or five humanities institutions in Research Assessment Exercises and that kind of thing.
"he'd been at Cambridge""before he came to King's as Professor of German""Professor of German"Evidence Source
he'd been at Cambridge before he came to King's as Professor of German,
"was where the capital budget of the BBC resided"Evidence Source
I worked for BBC engineering, which for historical reasons was where the capital budget of the BBC resided,
"Roy Wisbey happened to be a Vice Principal in 1986"Evidence Source
In fact, one of the reasons for the job that I applied for was that Roy Wisbey happened to be a Vice Principal in 1986,
"in the BBC I was first a programmer, then a systems analyst, then a systems manager"Evidence Source
In one sense that's a difficult question to answer because in the BBC I was first a programmer, then a systems analyst, then a systems manager,
"it was the women's part of King's College"Evidence Source
it was the women's part of King's College
"One of my first specific tasks was to work with the Humanities Faculty to develop an undergraduate programme in humanities and computing""to develop an undergraduate programme in humanities and computing"Evidence Source
One of my first specific tasks was to work with the Humanities Faculty to develop an undergraduate programme in humanities and computing.
"Queen Elizabeth College actually had started as King's College for Women"Evidence Source
Queen Elizabeth College actually had started as King's College for Women,
"the job I applied for was an Assistant Director in the Computing Services for Humanities and Information Management"Evidence Source
so the job I applied for was an Assistant Director in the Computing Services for Humanities and Information Management.
"integrating data from all the different transmitting stations"Evidence Source
The one exception was a big project I was involved in for the BBC transmitters. [It involved] talking and looking at integrating data from all the different transmitting stations as part of their process of starting to automate more and more of the transmitting stations
"going back to the late sixties, early seventies"Evidence Source
this was at King's going back to the late sixties, early seventies.
"there had been a long tradition of the use of computers in the humanities"Evidence Source
when I got to King's, of course, there had been a long tradition of the use of computers in the humanities, this was at King's going back to the late sixties, early seventies.
"a merger of Chelsea College of Art, Queen Elizabeth College and King's""a merger of Chelsea College of Art, Queen Elizabeth College and King's"Evidence Source
when they were discussing a merger of Chelsea College of Art, Queen Elizabeth College and King's.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"and it was the University Toronto"Evidence Source
and it was the University Toronto
"there were 450 people there"Evidence Source
and there were 450 people there,
"'89 was the first joint international conference of ALLC and ACH"Evidence Source
because '89 was the first joint international conference of ALLC and ACH,
"there was a week of workshops before and a week of workshops afterwards"Evidence Source
there was a week of workshops before and a week of workshops afterwards.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"she later became chair and was chair for 13 years"Evidence Source
although I'm not absolutely certain but of course she later became chair and was chair for 13 years.
"she was very involved in the Associations"Evidence Source
and she was very involved in the Associations and so on.
"was elected president"Evidence Source
And then Antonio Zampolli, the late Antonio Zampolli, was elected president.
"Oxford would have been thought of as the leading institution"Evidence Source
At the stage I would have thought Oxford would have been thought of as the leading institution,
"Susan might have been the first secretary"Evidence Source
I think Susan might have been the first secretary,
"In the UK, there was Oxford, Cambridge, and King's, were the three places where there were humanities computing activities going [on]""In the UK, there was Oxford, Cambridge, and King's, were the three places where there were humanities computing activities going [on]""In the UK, there was Oxford, Cambridge, and King's, were the three places where there were humanities computing activities going [on]"Evidence Source
In the UK, there was Oxford, Cambridge, and King's, were the three places where there were humanities computing activities going [on].
"Roy was elected the first chair"Evidence Source
Roy was elected the first chair.
"Susan Hockey was there"Evidence Source
Susan Hockey was there,
"The meeting of ALLC happened to have been at King's"Evidence Source
The meeting of ALLC happened to have been at King's
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was seen as probably the leading institution in the world at that time"Evidence Source
and the Centre for Computing Humanities at Toronto was seen as probably the leading institution in the world at that time.
"Humanist was a few years old"Evidence Source
Humanist was a few years old
"Willard McCarty was there then"Evidence Source
Toronto was certainly one of the places that people thought of being, as Willard McCarty was there then.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"by this stage he was a vice principle"Evidence Source
a man called Barry Ive, by this stage he was a vice principle,
"from 2002 we became, in April in 2002, we were formally brought into the School of Humanities as an academic department"Evidence Source
And so from 2002 we became, in April in 2002, we were formally brought into the School of Humanities as an academic department.
"we were teaching undergraduate programmes"Evidence Source
because of all the academic stuff we were doing, we were teaching undergraduate programmes,
"ISD, Information Services, needed to refocus as a service delivery department"Evidence Source
but he thought ISD, Information Services, needed to refocus as a service delivery department,
"just as I was leaving for a conference in Australia in 2001"Evidence Source
I'd heard the news about the IS Director's viewpoint just as I was leaving for a conference in Australia in 2001,
"It agreed to fund one post""the computing centre agreed to one of my team's posts being dedicated"Evidence Source
It agreed to fund one post and the computing centre agreed to one of my team's posts being dedicated to something we called the Research Unit in Humanities Computing.
"the merger of computing services with the library into something called Information Services""as Assistant Director of computing services"Evidence Source
one of the things that I got very involved in, as Assistant Director of computing services was the merger of computing services with the library into something called Information Services,
"decided that the Centre for Computing in the Humanities was not a good fit"Evidence Source
So then there was a new Director of Information Services in the early 2000s, who decided that the Centre for Computing in the Humanities was not a good fit,
"the change of name from Research Unit in Humanities Computing to Centre for Computing in the Humanities"Evidence Source
So, the expansion is what led to the change of name from Research Unit in Humanities Computing to Centre for Computing in the Humanities.
"had previously been Head of the School of Humanities"Evidence Source
someone who had previously been Head of the School of Humanities and very supportive of the development of, first of all, the Research Unit in Humanities Computing and then the Centre for Computing in the Humanities, a man called Barry Ive,
"we were not a service, we didn't have a service role in our projects, we only took on projects if it was as equal partners"Evidence Source
the crucial thing from the very outset is that we were not a service, we didn't have a service role in our projects, we only took on projects if it was as equal partners.
"the change of name from CCH to Department of Digital Humanities, DDH"Evidence Source
We actually agreed the change of name from CCH to Department of Digital Humanities, DDH,
"in late 2009, early 2010"Evidence Source
We actually agreed the change of name from CCH to Department of Digital Humanities, DDH, we thought that would be easy for people to remember, in late 2009, early 2010.
"we had just announced the development of a master's programme"Evidence Source
we had just announced the development of a master's programme,
"we were formally brought into the School of Humanities as an academic department"Evidence Source
we were formally brought into the School of Humanities as an academic department.
"we were involved in large numbers of, by this stage, large numbers of research projects"Evidence Source
we were involved in large numbers of, by this stage, large numbers of research projects,
No extractions found for this utterance.
"one of their flagship projects"Evidence Source
And now, the AHRC talk about it as one of their flagship projects,
"who is a former president of the Royal Historical Society"Evidence Source
and who is a former president of the Royal Historical Society,
"has a ceiling"Evidence Source
because at that time the Arts and Humanities Research [Council] (AHRC), well they still do, has a ceiling, so your whole bit had to be under a particular limit.
"a fine at stage was any kind of payment to the king"Evidence Source
If you don't know, a fine at stage was any kind of payment to the king,
"probably the world's leading historian of Carolingian history"Evidence Source
one of the, probably the world's leading historian of Carolingian history.
"who is a fellow of the British Academy"Evidence Source
there's a lovely lady called Janet Nelson who is a fellow of the British Academy
"these days it's a penalty payment"Evidence Source
these days it's a penalty payment.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they wanted us to come in as part of the school"Evidence Source
by the time the issue came up of whether the information services would keep us or not, the School of Humanities already believed that we were so essential to their future that they wanted us to come in as part of the school.
"what John Unsworth has called “first generation resources.”"Evidence Source
in a sense that it was an individual doing things that he or she was interested in doing and producing, what John Unsworth has called “first generation resources.”
"there were thriving centres for computing in the humanities, but they weren't embedded, they were appendices to the institution"Evidence Source
there were thriving centres for computing in the humanities, but they weren't embedded, they were appendices to the institution,
"I'm a librarian""I've been a library manager"Evidence Source
although I should have because I'm a librarian and I've been a library manager
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"began getting funding in the early 1970s""had been funding"Evidence Source
The NEH had been funding some of these projects since the 1970s, primarily, one large text corpus, the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG),Footnote1 which began getting funding in the early 1970s.
"funded a project to do concordances to the works of Darwin""funded a project to do concordances to the works of Darwin and to the works of William Faulkner"Evidence Source
We funded a project to do concordances to the works of Darwin and to the works of William Faulkner, for instance, and then from the output of the computer they created print products.Footnote2
"joined the NEH in 1979"Evidence Source
Well, when I joined the NEH in 1979 I had no personal experience with computing technology.
"supported the preparation of research tools, reference works and scholarly editions"Evidence Source
You know, I started working in a programme in the “Division of Research” that supported the preparation of research tools, reference works and scholarly editions.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"introduced a separate set of guidelines for projects that involved the use of computers"Evidence Source
Now, I believe it was probably in 1979, just shortly after I joined NEH, that the programme introduced a separate set of guidelines for projects that involved the use of computers.
"made many awards to it"Evidence Source
So, the TLG as a pure database was obviously was a little different, but, because it had the support of the entire field at the time (it was always well-received) we made many awards to it.
"was the only one that really was intended to be used electronically rather than as a printed work that anyone could use in a library, or wherever"Evidence Source
The TLG was a little bit different because it was the only one that really was intended to be used electronically rather than as a printed work that anyone could use in a library, or wherever.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"being able to query the whole corpus of Greek was such an important part of the scholarly work they did"Evidence Source
For Classics at that time being able to query the whole corpus of Greek was such an important part of the scholarly work they did.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was having conferences"Evidence Source
At the time the main organisation that was having conferences, at least here in the United States, was the ACH.
"my first recollection of going to a meeting was in 1987 at South Carolina"Evidence Source
I went to an early 1980s conference, but my first recollection of going to a meeting was in 1987 at South Carolina.
"to hold an international meeting"Evidence Source
That planning grant was for TEI to hold an international meeting.
"to apply to NEH for support""funded the first planning grant to them"Evidence Source
That started the opportunity for the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) to apply to NEH for support and we funded the first planning grant to them.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we supported that"Evidence Source
An example is the development of a typewriter element for Coptic because there was no way for people to use existing typewriters to create that, so we supported that.
"to support tools that were going to facilitate research in the Humanities"Evidence Source
But the Endowment always thought it was important to support tools that were going to facilitate research in the Humanities.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"supported all the various tools, scholarly editions, and so forth"Evidence Source
The “Research Materials” programme supported all the various tools, scholarly editions, and so forth.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"is well known for his promotion of computing technology, first for Classics, but really for the Humanities largely"Evidence Source
Greg Crane is well known for his promotion of computing technology, first for Classics, but really for the Humanities largely.
"were creating scholarly editions in History and in literature""were creating scholarly editions in History and in literature"Evidence Source
I also worked a little bit with people in scholarly editions like Peter Shillingsburg and David ChesnuttFootnote5 who were creating scholarly editions in History and in literature.
"worked on the Dictionary of the Old Spanish Language"Evidence Source
I remember John Nitti who worked on the Dictionary of the Old Spanish Language (see Chap. 9), and he was involved with computer scientists and actually doing the programming.
"were very outspoken in terms of the need to come up with guidelines for encoding text and for ways of archiving material so that it can be reusable""were very outspoken in terms of the need to come up with guidelines for encoding text and for ways of archiving material so that it can be reusable""were very outspoken in terms of the need to come up with guidelines for encoding text and for ways of archiving material so that it can be reusable"Evidence Source
In the context of text encoding I remember Nancy Ide, Susan Hockey (see Chap. 6) and Michael Sperberg-McQueen (see Chap. 12). They were very outspoken in terms of the need to come up with guidelines for encoding text and for ways of archiving material so that it can be reusable.
"was the lead person on this""was very outspoken on the use of computer technology for his field"Evidence Source
Ted BrunnerFootnote4 was the lead person on this in the 1970s and 1980s and he was very outspoken on the use of computer technology for his field.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the classical bibliography, L’Année Philologique"Evidence Source
For instance, we worked with the classical bibliography, L’Année Philologique Footnote6 for many years to make them understand the need to be self-sustaining.
"helped support that"Evidence Source
Not only did they have a lot of bibliographic work to do, and we helped support that, but every year they had new work to do, as new publications came out.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in existence for over 40 years now""have received institutional support, support from the field, an endowment plus a subscription that I think they still have for part of their database"Evidence Source
The TLG is a good example. I think they’re in existence for over 40 years now and they have received institutional support, support from the field, an endowment plus a subscription that I think they still have for part of their database.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in the ACH""in the ACH"Evidence Source
Initially there were some women in the ACH: I mentioned Nancy Ide and Susan Hockey.
"started in 1923""was working with computers a lot"Evidence Source
It started in 1923, and it finished everything manually, well not manually, at the end it was working with computers a lot.
"at the University of Chicago"Evidence Source
We had a project, the Assyrian Dictionary at the University of Chicago that did everything manually.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the field had, I think, that tradition of philology"Evidence Source
Or, in the case of Classics, it was important because the field had, I think, that tradition of philology, or enquiry into specific use of words and phrases within the entire corpus.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was the first fully online encyclopaedia"Evidence Source
Looking, for instance, at Philosophy, first it was bibliographic controls, then the Encyclopaedia of Philosophy was the first fully online encyclopaedia.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"is looking at those other questions from how technology affects our lives and the way we do research on what should be the cutting edge of the use of computers in the Humanities"Evidence Source
Now I’m pleased that there’s the Office of Digital HumanitiesFootnote7 that is looking at those other questions from how technology affects our lives and the way we do research on what should be the cutting edge of the use of computers in the Humanities.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was part of their Mathematics Faculty"Evidence Source
Computer Science was part of their Mathematics Faculty
"my home, which was in Gravenhurst Ontario"Evidence Source
I remember reading it on the bus on the 100 mile trip going from Toronto to my home, which was in Gravenhurst Ontario.
"was sent by my high school to the University of Waterloo"Evidence Source
Relatively early on, let’s say about 1965 or so, I was sent by my high school to the University of Waterloo
"was very active in the early days of Computer Science"Evidence Source
Relatively early on, let’s say about 1965 or so, I was sent by my high school to the University of Waterloo, which was very active in the early days of Computer Science.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"is a programming language for doing mathematical calculations"Evidence Source
FORTRAN is a programming language for doing mathematical calculations.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I decided I was going to do music instead. So, I went to a small music school and did an undergraduate degree"Evidence Source
But suddenly there’s a change and I decided I was going to do music instead. So, I went to a small music school and did an undergraduate degree.
"did what was classified as a Bachelor of Mathematics degree at Waterloo"Evidence Source
I did what was classified as a Bachelor of Mathematics degree at Waterloo
"it was really in Computer Science"Evidence Source
I did what was classified as a Bachelor of Mathematics degree at Waterloo but it was really in Computer Science.
"I was accepted onto the Masters programme in Computer Science at the University of Toronto"Evidence Source
I was accepted onto the Masters programme in Computer Science at the University of Toronto.
"this big IBM 360 mainframe sitting down there"Evidence Source
You’d walk into the faculty building and the first thing you saw was this lowered floor and this big IBM 360 mainframe sitting down there
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I went to the University of Toronto to work"Evidence Source
but after a few terms of that I decided to switch and I went to the University of Toronto to work.
"started off working for Ontario’s Department of Highways"Evidence Source
I started off working for Ontario’s Department of Highways
"alternated terms with work experience. You had to get a job for 4 months and then you studied for 4 months"Evidence Source
I was in Waterloo’s Co-op programme which alternated terms with work experience. You had to get a job for 4 months and then you studied for 4 months
"working at the University of Toronto in their Computer Services Department, the UTCS it was called"Evidence Source
I was, by then, working at the University of Toronto in their Computer Services Department, the UTCS it was called.
"It lasted for 5 years"Evidence Source
It lasted for 5 years (ordinarily it was a 4 year degree but it included this extra time for work experience).
"interested in generating a concordance"Evidence Source
My boss said “we have someone who’s interested in generating a concordance”. The text was by Diodorus Siculus. ... They had to dedicate a printer to this Key Word in Context (KWIC) concordance
"they asked if I could just write something to do the job. So I did and it ran"Evidence Source
So they asked if I could just write something to do the job. So I did and it ran.
"had tried to set up the Oxford Concordance Programme (OCP)"Evidence Source
They had tried to set up the Oxford Concordance Programme (OCP; see Hockey interview, Chap. 6).
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went on to do a number of similar jobs for other texts at the University of Toronto"Evidence Source
and it went on to do a number of similar jobs for other texts at the University of Toronto.
"I called the software Concordance Generating System (COGS)"Evidence Source
I called the software Concordance Generating System (COGS)
"Probably the very late 1970s"Evidence Source
Probably the very late 1970s. I called the software Concordance Generating System (COGS)
"My group was given the job of preparing training for that and supporting people who were taking it up. It was called the Text Group"Evidence Source
The department was therefore interested in time sharing rather than personal word processing. My group was given the job of preparing training for that and supporting people who were taking it up. It was called the Text Group.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"really important for DH in Canada"Evidence Source
An important one was Ian Lancashire who you’ve probably had mentioned to you before, and I think Ian’s really important for DH in Canada.
"convinced the faculty to support it"Evidence Source
and convinced the faculty to support it
"both of them quite interested in text, and what we now think of as text analysis approaches""both of them quite interested in text, and what we now think of as text analysis approaches"Evidence Source
both of them quite interested in text, and what we now think of as text analysis approaches.
"we worked together to package up things like COGS, and so on, for students to explore"Evidence Source
he became quite interested in teaching it to his students and we worked together to package up things like COGS, and so on, for students to explore.
"He convinced IBM Canada to provide some funding in support of this"Evidence Source
He convinced IBM Canada to provide some funding in support of this
"He managed to get an operation called the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH) started"Evidence Source
He managed to get an operation called the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (CCH) started
"people like Willard [McCarty] were around at Toronto as well"Evidence Source
Ian was also quite keen on this; by this point people like Willard [McCarty] were around at Toronto as well.
"mainly in the French Department, Russell Wooldridge comes to mind""mainly in the French Department"Evidence Source
there was a group of people, mainly in the French Department, Russell Wooldridge comes to mind and Ed Heinemann
"a bit of a partnership between Computer Central Services and the academic"Evidence Source
this was still a time when the work was thought of as a bit of a partnership between Computer Central Services and the academic.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I was head of the Word Group"Evidence Source
I was head of the Word Group and so we did courses on things like WordPerfect
"we did courses on things like WordPerfect and, in time, Windows-oriented software"Evidence Source
I was head of the Word Group and so we did courses on things like WordPerfect and, in time, Windows-oriented software.
"I’ve often heard it labelled as a New Criticism approach"Evidence Source
I’ve often heard it labelled as a New Criticism approach.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I’ve only recently actually been given an academic contract here at King’s"Evidence Source
I wasn’t an academic and I’ve only recently actually been given an academic contract here at King’s.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I purchased the Turbo Pascal programming language and I was forced to explore writing software in it"Evidence Source
I purchased the Turbo Pascal programming language and I was forced to explore writing software in it
"I started to work on the TACT system in the mid-1980s"Evidence Source
I started to work on the TACT system in the mid-1980s.
"Ian had provided me with my first personal computer"Evidence Source
Ian had provided me with my first personal computer because the computer centre didn’t think I needed one in particular!
"TACT was written for an original DOS-based IBM PC"Evidence Source
TACT was written for an original DOS-based IBM PC
"WordCruncherFootnote3 from Brigham Young University"Evidence Source
There was, for instance, WordCruncherFootnote3 from Brigham Young University.
"Yes, I am now Senior Lecturer"Evidence Source
Yes, I am now Senior Lecturer.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we were doing interesting things, I think, within the Humanities and with CCH, to some degree informally, to develop the agenda there"Evidence Source
But we were doing interesting things, I think, within the Humanities and with CCH, to some degree informally, to develop the agenda there.
"My unit by that point became what was called the Centre for Academic Technology (CAT)"Evidence Source
My unit by that point became what was called the Centre for Academic Technology (CAT).
"we used to push our chairs together and explore our ideas around text analysis"Evidence Source
that was the time referred to in Geoffrey Rockwell’s interview (Rockwell et al. 2012) when we used to push our chairs together and explore our ideas around text analysis.
"made a deliberate decision that work like TACT was no longer work that the computer centre was supposed to do"Evidence Source
the vice-President of the university in charge of computing made a deliberate decision that work like TACT was no longer work that the computer centre was supposed to do.
"We developed a HyperCardFootnote4 course"Evidence Source
We developed a HyperCardFootnote4 course and that, as a service, gave us the freedom to think out of the box about what we were doing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"eventually I left and took up my position at King’s"Evidence Source
And it’s probably the reason why eventually I left and took up my position at King’s.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"starting with the Oxford conference in 1992, I began to go regularly and give my own papers"Evidence Source
And after that, starting with the Oxford conference in 1992 (see Hockey and Ide 1996), I began to go regularly and give my own papers.
"CCH was the centre of it"Evidence Source
CCH was the centre of it.
"I did run workshops on TACT"Evidence Source
I don’t think I gave a paper at the Toronto conference but I did run workshops on TACT.
"I remember giving a paper on that at the conference"Evidence Source
I remember giving a paper on that at the conference.
"my first experience of a more academic conference was in South Carolina, 1987, and it was part of what was called the International Conference on Computing in the Humanities (ICCH)"Evidence Source
my first experience of a more academic conference was in South Carolina, 1987, and it was part of what was called the International Conference on Computing in the Humanities (ICCH; see Oakman 1987).
"Geoffrey Rockwell and I did some joint papers at the Paris conference in 1994"Evidence Source
Shortly thereafter Geoffrey Rockwell and I did some joint papers at the Paris conference in 1994.
"Toronto, the first joint conference between the ACH and the ALLC"Evidence Source
The first conference that everyone thinks of these days is Toronto, the first joint conference between the ACH and the ALLC
"Ian Lancashire’s hard work to sell the idea that it should be in Toronto"Evidence Source
this again was Ian Lancashire’s hard work to sell the idea that it should be in Toronto.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they found a slot for him to talk and the room was packed with people"Evidence Source
he heard of the conference in Toronto and just came on his own and they found a slot for him to talk and the room was packed with people.
"He was an enormously influential and important figure in personal computing and Hypertext"Evidence Source
He was an enormously influential and important figure in personal computing and Hypertext
"Ted Nelson was not invited but he came"Evidence Source
I mean, Ted Nelson was not invited but he came.
"came and spoke about his work on Augment"Evidence Source
I remember I went to one by Douglas Engelbart who came and spoke about his work on Augment
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"He was French, so he was working in French, with French texts"Evidence Source
He was French, so he was working in French, with French texts and so on
"an important player in some early thinking around text analysis"Evidence Source
he was important at the University of Montreal and an important player in some early thinking around text analysis.
"he was important at the University of Montreal"Evidence Source
I also met someone called Paul Bratley. I think he’s disappeared out of the community, but he was important at the University of Montreal
"Toronto managed to get (they didn’t pay for it) a free NeXT and it was plopped down in the computer centre, near my office"Evidence Source
Toronto managed to get (they didn’t pay for it) a free NeXT and it was plopped down in the computer centre, near my office.
"set up his own company and created the NeXT computing company"Evidence Source
When Steve Jobs left Apple the first time and set up his own company and created the NeXT computing company
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I like to think of it as Engelbartian software"Evidence Source
I like to think of it as Engelbartian software.
"the Mellon Foundation provided me with some funding to continue to support it"Evidence Source
I was delighted when the Mellon Foundation provided me with some funding to continue to support it.
"It was about note taking, it was about juggling your notes once you’d taken them to help you develop a richer understanding of the material and to help you formulate concepts"Evidence Source
It was about note taking, it was about juggling your notes once you’d taken them to help you develop a richer understanding of the material and to help you formulate concepts.
"Pliny was meant to be a response to this"Evidence Source
Pliny was meant to be a response to this.
"what Pliny has to say on the connection between scholarship and the semantic web"Evidence Source
The paper I’m currently working on is trying to figure out what Pliny has to say on the connection between scholarship and the semantic web.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"You had Ian Lancashire, you had Willard McCarty, you had Geoffrey Rockwell involved"Evidence Source
At Toronto we had, with the CCH and so on, a framework for exploring this and for trying things out. We really were explorers; we thought of ourselves as explorers there, we really were. You had Ian Lancashire, you had Willard McCarty, you had Geoffrey Rockwell involved
"Centre for Computing in the Humanities (now the Department of Digital Humanities (DDH) at King’s"Evidence Source
I mean the aim of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (now the Department of Digital Humanities (DDH) at King’s in the beginning was to promote computing in the Humanities
"the aim of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities ... was to promote computing in the Humanities"Evidence Source
the aim of the Centre for Computing in the Humanities (now the Department of Digital Humanities (DDH) at King’s in the beginning was to promote computing in the Humanities
"You had Ian Lancashire, you had Willard McCarty, you had Geoffrey Rockwell involved""You had Ian Lancashire, you had Willard McCarty, you had Geoffrey Rockwell involved"Evidence Source
You had Ian Lancashire, you had Willard McCarty, you had Geoffrey Rockwell involved
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Harold Short, of course, was very much interested in trying to find a way to develop a field that had an academic or a research agenda"Evidence Source
Harold Short, of course, was very much interested in trying to find a way to develop a field that had an academic or a research agenda, but wasn’t always run in the conventional academic fashion.
"The department started off trying to find ways to operate outside of the academic mainstream but connected with it too"Evidence Source
The department started off trying to find ways to operate outside of the academic mainstream but connected with it too
No extractions found for this utterance.
"how I thought CCH was operating under Harold’s direction"Evidence Source
The piece I wrote for Harold’s Festschrift tries to describe how I thought CCH was operating under Harold’s direction
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I filed for the RAEFootnote8 as a developer last time"Evidence Source
Exactly. I filed for the RAEFootnote8 as a developer last time but I wouldn’t have been able to this time.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we’re much more gender balanced now"Evidence Source
many of our newer academic people are younger for one thing, that’s bound to help, and I think we’re much more gender balanced now, thank goodness.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I turned it into a Linux machine and set up a Linux web server on it and explored all that"Evidence Source
But the old one was still there, so I turned it into a Linux machine and set up a Linux web server on it and explored all that.
"a relatively short step to think about the Clergy of the Church of England (CCEd) project and eventually the Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England (PASE) project"Evidence Source
From there I became clearly involved as the developer for the technical side of these various projects, so from there it was a relatively short step to think about the Clergy of the Church of England (CCEd)Footnote11 project and eventually the Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England (PASE) project.
"Harold Short’s team was still part of the computer centre in those days at King’s"Evidence Source
Harold Short’s team was still part of the computer centre in those days at King’s.
"I became also involved partly when the design work was already done around the CRSBI (Romanesque Sculpture) project and CVMA (Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi), the Stained Glass project"Evidence Source
I became also involved partly when the design work was already done around the CRSBI (Romanesque Sculpture) project and CVMA (Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi), the Stained Glass project.
"It was being created on a mainframe and it was using relational databases for data storage"Evidence Source
It was being created on a mainframe and it was using relational databases for data storage.
"My post here was originally part of the computer centre"Evidence Source
My post here was originally part of the computer centre.
"Originally, my post was partly for the School of Law and partly for the Humanities School"Evidence Source
Originally, my post was partly for the School of Law and partly for the Humanities School.
"my work was centred around web publishing and web application development"Evidence Source
so my work was centred around web publishing and web application development.
"The earliest project I became significantly involved in was the Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire"Evidence Source
The earliest project I became significantly involved in was the Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire
"we managed to squeeze them all on to a CD and we took the data from the database and transformed them into a bunch of tightly interconnected webpages. And that’s how the thing was published in the end"Evidence Source
we managed to squeeze them all on to a CD and we took the data from the database and transformed them into a bunch of tightly interconnected webpages. And that’s how the thing was published in the end
"What I was involved in for that project was thinking about how to publish the results"Evidence Source
What I was involved in for that project was thinking about how to publish the results.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I had been given the responsibility of managing the media centre"Evidence Source
By the time I had left Toronto I had been given the responsibility of managing the media centre.
"I applied to the post and Harold Short found a way of making it possible"Evidence Source
I applied to the post and Harold Short found a way of making it possible.
"responsible for the people who rolled the trolleys around and set up the overhead projectors in the rooms"Evidence Source
So, I was responsible for the people who rolled the trolleys around and set up the overhead projectors in the rooms.
"Willard McCarty had come the year before and I was deeply envious of his having left Toronto"Evidence Source
Willard McCarty had come the year before and I was deeply envious of his having left Toronto with, at that time, its lack of vision about what the potential of computing was.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"our campus academic computing facility was mainframe-based"Evidence Source
At the time, our campus academic computing facility was mainframe-based, as most if not all were.
"he was totally willing to put up what for an individual were quite large sums of money so that I could start playing around with computers"Evidence Source
He had a sizable savings account so he was totally willing to put up what for an individual were quite large sums of money so that I could start playing around with computers.
"still working on the Dictionary of the Old Spanish Language (hereafter DOSL) with me"Evidence Source
he was still going strong and still working on the Dictionary of the Old Spanish Language (hereafter DOSL) with me 3 months prior to his death.
"my first contact with computer technology, with an eye toward employing it and applying it to my research, occurred via one of my fellow graduate students"Evidence Source
my first contact with computer technology, with an eye toward employing it and applying it to my research, occurred via one of my fellow graduate students.
"My first significant grant was, if I remember correctly, for $242,000, from the NEH"Evidence Source
My first significant grant was, if I remember correctly, for $242,000, from the NEH.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"For years we published and disseminated the data that we were generating"Evidence Source
For years we published and disseminated the data that we were generating, both textual transcriptions and corresponding concordances with frequency counts and all that typical stuff that you get with concordancing schemes. And we were able to sell it through this new publishing house we created, the Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies.
"so he hired him on the spot to be the Curator of Rare Books and Manuscripts. This was some 15 years ago and John O’Neill is still there as Curator but they’ve made him, in addition to the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, also the Head Librarian of the Hispanic Society of America"Evidence Source
he hired him on the spot to be the Curator of Rare Books and Manuscripts. This was some 15 years ago and John O’Neill is still there as Curator but they’ve made him, in addition to the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, also the Head Librarian of the Hispanic Society of America.
"under the directorship of Professor Angus Cameron at the University of Toronto"Evidence Source
He was involved with the computational aspects of the Dictionary of Old English project under the directorship of Professor Angus Cameron at the University of Toronto
"Mr Kasten and I created a non-profit publishing house called the Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies""Mr Kasten and I created a non-profit publishing house called the Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies"Evidence Source
Mr Kasten and I created a non-profit publishing house called the Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies.
"When I retired I had it all legally transferred to him and the Society"Evidence Source
When I retired I had it all legally transferred to him and the Society, knowing that he would keep it going.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they were selling a low cost magnetic tape cartridge, these were digital grade Philips cassette tapes and it had a dual tape deck"Evidence Source
I found a booth where they were selling a low cost magnetic tape cartridge, these were digital grade Philips cassette tapes and it had a dual tape deck.
"They were intelligent terminals"Evidence Source
I found terminals! They were intelligent terminals.
"the campus computer facility was charging us, you ready for this? Almost $17,000 a year to rent 20 MB of disk storage on the mainframe"Evidence Source
the campus computer facility was charging us, you ready for this? Almost $17,000 a year to rent 20 MB of disk storage on the mainframe!
"to develop spooling software that would enable us to spool the data off of these cassette tapes, in a batch mode, into the campus mainframe for processing"Evidence Source
to develop spooling software that would enable us to spool the data off of these cassette tapes, in a batch mode, into the campus mainframe for processing.
"We used the keypunch for that and we managed to produce the entire transcription all in lower and uppercase"Evidence Source
We used the keypunch for that and we managed to produce the entire transcription all in lower and uppercase
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they decided to keep me on as an assistant Professor"Evidence Source
I finished my dissertation and graduated and they decided to keep me on as an assistant Professor.
"I had the first pilot grant from the NEH at this point and so I was able to hire staff"Evidence Source
I had the first pilot grant from the NEH at this point and so I was able to hire staff.
"I needed five of them as data entry stations"Evidence Source
I needed five of them as data entry stations
"They were leasing that device for about $15,000 a year"Evidence Source
They were leasing that device for about $15,000 a year.
"you had to be a trained palaeographer to be able to read our input and work directly with original thirteenth century manuscripts"Evidence Source
you had to be a trained palaeographer to be able to read our input and work directly with original thirteenth century manuscripts
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I remember drafting the proposal in ‘71"Evidence Source
I remember drafting the proposal in ‘71.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we were doing data entry using intelligent editing CRT terminals with their own internal editing capability and interfaced to a standalone system, those dual tape drive affairs"Evidence Source
we were doing data entry using intelligent editing CRT terminals with their own internal editing capability and interfaced to a standalone system, those dual tape drive affairs that I referred to as storage media.
"While working on my PhD thesis I did use much of the computer technology that we had developed up to that point"Evidence Source
While working on my PhD thesis I did use much of the computer technology that we had developed up to that point.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"It was translated into fourteenth century Aragonese"Evidence Source
It was translated into fourteenth century Aragonese
"it was the editing of the only extant medieval manuscript translation of the Book of Marco Polo in an Ibero-Romance tongue (Nitti 1972)"Evidence Source
my dissertation wasn’t even on a Castilian Spanish text, it was the editing of the only extant medieval manuscript translation of the Book of Marco Polo in an Ibero-Romance tongue (Nitti 1972).
"So I struck up a deal with a company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin called Color Corp"Evidence Source
So I struck up a deal with a company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin called Color Corp and they basically had a contract with one of those big chain stores to do all of their printing of ads and that kind of stuff.
"the manuscript itself still exists at the Escorial Library in Spain"Evidence Source
the manuscript itself still exists at the Escorial Library in Spain.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"In May of 1981 I took a show on the road for publicity purposes and was asked to give lectures about our work and the technology we used. I must have gone to 20 different American Universities, I was even invited by the University of Montreal in Canada"Evidence Source
In May of 1981 I took a show on the road for publicity purposes and was asked to give lectures about our work and the technology we used. I must have gone to 20 different American Universities, I was even invited by the University of Montreal in Canada.
"the Kurzweil Scanner was very new. It cost more than $80,000 and we couldn’t afford it"Evidence Source
the Kurzweil Scanner was very new. It cost more than $80,000 and we couldn’t afford it.
"there was only one Kurzweil true OCR device in the entire state of Wisconsin. It happened to be here in the city of Madison and it was owned by a wealthy attorney"Evidence Source
there was only one Kurzweil true OCR device in the entire state of Wisconsin. It happened to be here in the city of Madison and it was owned by a wealthy attorney
"we scan and get into machine readable form what was in the public domain, which was the then last edition of the Royal Spanish Academy’s Dictionary of the Spanish Language"Evidence Source
we scan and get into machine readable form what was in the public domain, which was the then last edition of the Royal Spanish Academy’s Dictionary of the Spanish Language, a monolingual dictionary, then we could modify it to our liking and it would be our definitional canon, in effect.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a famous Professor at the University of California-Berkeley"Evidence Source
a famous Professor at the University of California-Berkeley, he recently retired, his name’s Charles Faulhaber.
"I created what we called the Bibliography of Old Spanish Texts (BOOST)"Evidence Source
I created what we called the Bibliography of Old Spanish Texts (BOOST).
"I was teaching at the time, and continued to teach right up until my retirement, courses in Old Spanish palaeography"Evidence Source
I was teaching at the time, and continued to teach right up until my retirement, courses in Old Spanish palaeography
"he’s turned it into a completely different thing. His much expanded work is called PhiloBiblon"Evidence Source
it assumed a life of its own until finally I turned the whole bibliographic arm of the thing over to a famous Professor at the University of California-Berkeley, he recently retired, his name’s Charles Faulhaber. One of his interests was bibliographies, so I turned it over to him, and he’s turned it into a completely different thing. His much expanded work is called PhiloBiblon
"we were now creating microfiche as a publication medium which enabled us to publish hundreds of thousands of pages of information"Evidence Source
we were now creating microfiche as a publication medium which enabled us to publish hundreds of thousands of pages of information
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I took a course in BASIC and I said to myself “this is silly, I’m going to try to get money from the government or wherever I can get it from.”"Evidence Source
I took a course in BASIC and I said to myself “this is silly, I’m going to try to get money from the government or wherever I can get it from.”
"Mr Kasten put up some seed money out of his own pocket to hire our first computer programmer"Evidence Source
Mr Kasten put up some seed money out of his own pocket to hire our first computer programmer.
"suddenly a stack of these specially typewritten, barcode-type texts would appear on my doorstep for scanning"Evidence Source
There would be long intervals of months, in some cases years, and then suddenly a stack of these specially typewritten, barcode-type texts would appear on my doorstep for scanning.
"We modelled this thing, in broad terms, after the Oxford English Dictionary"Evidence Source
We modelled this thing, in broad terms, after the Oxford English Dictionary
No extractions found for this utterance.
"they actually had a bunch of non-technical people sitting at home and writing down what they found. Their job was to read text and pull out words that they thought were neat and hadn’t yet been documented, or whatever, and then they had to write them on snippets of paper"Evidence Source
they actually had a bunch of non-technical people sitting at home and writing down what they found. Their job was to read text and pull out words that they thought were neat and hadn’t yet been documented, or whatever, and then they had to write them on snippets of paper.
"We can capture their keystrokes instead of having them send us a bunch of snippets of paper, right? We can actually have them send us machine-readable pieces of paper"Evidence Source
We can capture their keystrokes instead of having them send us a bunch of snippets of paper, right? We can actually have them send us machine-readable pieces of paper.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I build an eight-user multi-user system, a true multi-user system where there were eight terminals. We used it for years"Evidence Source
I build an eight-user multi-user system, a true multi-user system where there were eight terminals. We used it for years.
"I later migrated to MP/M, the true multi-user, multi-tasking version of CP/M"Evidence Source
I later migrated to MP/M, the true multi-user, multi-tasking version of CP/M.
"at the end of it you had two of these 8-in. floppy disk drives"Evidence Source
It came in what looked like a mahogany window box, something you’d plant flowers in. It was about a yard long and quite narrow because at the end of it you had two of these 8-in. floppy disk drives.
"The first one I built was driven by a little 8-bit, Intel 8080 chip and it started with 64 K of RAM"Evidence Source
The first one I built was driven by a little 8-bit, Intel 8080 chip and it started with 64 K of RAM
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Donald Knuth had invented and wrote for Unix mainframes the TeX typesetting language"Evidence Source
Donald Knuth had invented and wrote for Unix mainframes the TeX typesetting language (Knuth 1979).
"He turned it over to public domain"Evidence Source
He turned it over to public domain and as soon as he did little companies started producing, in this case early on, MS-DOS-based versions of TeX for 200 bucks.
"I sent him the camera ready copy and he negotiated a contract with a printing outfit and that’s how we were able to sell this"Evidence Source
I sent him the camera ready copy and he negotiated a contract with a printing outfit and that’s how we were able to sell this.
"I typeset the Dictionary of Castilian Prose of King Alfonso X right here at my home in Madison in 2002"Evidence Source
In fact, I typeset the Dictionary of Castilian Prose of King Alfonso X right here at my home in Madison in 2002.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we also got $300,000 worth of matching money from the Spanish Government"Evidence Source
but we also got $300,000 worth of matching money from the Spanish Government.
"He was the founder and the editor of the Dictionary of Regional American English"Evidence Source
He was the founder and the editor of the Dictionary of Regional American English.
"I was in fact named as a visiting Fulbright scholar to the University of Salamanca"Evidence Source
I was in fact named as a visiting Fulbright scholar to the University of Salamanca
"I did all the typesetting and everything here, again, in my house"Evidence Source
So I had two long-term experiences with older people, in this case, scholars, researchers and professors. ... I did all the typesetting and everything here, again, in my house.
"3 months before his death at age 94, my mentor, Mr Kasten, was still working with me on a daily basis on completing the Dictionary of Alfonsine Prose"Evidence Source
some 3 months before his death at age 94, my mentor, Mr Kasten, was still working with me on a daily basis on completing the Dictionary of Alfonsine Prose.
"the International Congress on Medieval Studies held annually at Kalamazoo, Michigan is the biggy of international Medieval Studies"Evidence Source
The International Congress on Medieval Studies held annually at Kalamazoo, Michigan is the biggy of international Medieval Studies.
"they, in their own right, created two separate dictionaries, big monster dictionaries. The more important of the two was a Dictionary of Medieval Spanish Medical Texts"Evidence Source
they, in their own right, created two separate dictionaries, big monster dictionaries. The more important of the two was a Dictionary of Medieval Spanish Medical Texts.
"This was 1981, it was being held in Chicago and I was invited to present what I was told was the first talk offered by a Humanist at the National Computer Conference"Evidence Source
This was 1981, it was being held in Chicago and I was invited to present what I was told was the first talk offered by a Humanist at the National Computer Conference.
"would you like to chair an ongoing session on computers in the Humanities here at the Kalamazoo conference every year? I said “I suppose so”. I signed up to that and I did it for some 5 years"Evidence Source
would you like to chair an ongoing session on computers in the Humanities here at the Kalamazoo conference every year? I said “I suppose so”. I signed up to that and I did it for some 5 years
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a product that was initially made to order for the United States Patent Office. It was a computer-driven microfiche retrieval and display play unit that had a carousel in there"Evidence Source
Another gizmo I interfaced into all this was a product that was initially made to order for the United States Patent Office. It was a computer-driven microfiche retrieval and display play unit that had a carousel in there.
"I’d say “ok, how much do you need.” I’d say “$10,000” and he’d say “ok” and write me a cheque"Evidence Source
I’d say “ok, how much do you need.” I’d say “$10,000” and he’d say “ok” and write me a cheque.
"We would bring up, in one second, a photographic colour reproduction of a manuscript page (that corresponded to a page of transcription that we had just done) to do final checking against the original manuscript"Evidence Source
We would bring up, in one second, a photographic colour reproduction of a manuscript page (that corresponded to a page of transcription that we had just done) to do final checking against the original manuscript.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I just contacted them and said “why don’t we have a brainstorming session? Come to Madison and I’ll arrange for your hotel room”. It was always six, at the most, seven Principal Investigators from various projects around the country"Evidence Source
I just contacted them and said “why don’t we have a brainstorming session? Come to Madison and I’ll arrange for your hotel room”. It was always six, at the most, seven Principal Investigators from various projects around the country; they came from as far away as California.
"I was, I guess, one of a handful of pioneers"Evidence Source
It is funny because when the whole thing started, I was, I guess, one of a handful of pioneers.
"that group of guys, it was all guys at that point, were all asked by the Endowment to draft the first guidelines for Principal Investigators in the Humanities seeking to incorporate computer technology into their research"Evidence Source
that group of guys, it was all guys at that point, were all asked by the Endowment to draft the first guidelines for Principal Investigators in the Humanities seeking to incorporate computer technology into their research.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"to map"Evidence Source
We had a presentation from somebody who used a pre-runner of what would later be called a database to map the spatial distribution of medieval coins
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in England"Evidence Source
My first professional contact was to a Historian of the family, not in the sense of Genealogy but the development of structures of family, like the Cambridge Group did in England (see, for example, Laslett and Wall 1972).
"I was immediately hired"Evidence Source
That was in Vienna in early 1977, where I was immediately hired because a professor had approached me as he had heard that I was doing some computer work for other historical projects.
"my active work in the area started"Evidence Source
Well, how far a Humanities Computing community existed in 1976, when my active work in the area started, is a bit doubtful, particularly in Austria.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was standard statistical calculations of demographic behaviour"Evidence Source
That was standard statistical calculations of demographic behaviour.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a scholarship for 2 years of post-doctoral training at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna"Evidence Source
And after finishing my doctorate (Thaller 1975) I had the possibility to get a scholarship for 2 years of post-doctoral training at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna, which offered courses in empirical Social Science even to people who had no formal training in Social Science.
"my first exercise in applied programming was to build software to administer the descriptions of images"Evidence Source
And my first exercise in applied programming was to build software to administer the descriptions of images.
"offered courses in empirical Social Science"Evidence Source
I had the possibility to get a scholarship for 2 years of post-doctoral training at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna, which offered courses in empirical Social Science even to people who had no formal training in Social Science.
"was controlled by a command language that was supposed to be sufficiently far from a computer that the people working at that research institute actually could use it themselves"Evidence Source
It was controlled by a command language that was supposed to be sufficiently far from a computer that the people working at that research institute actually could use it themselves.
"dealt with roughly the History of Mentality"Evidence Source
My own doctoral thesis dealt with roughly the History of Mentality, or more properly, how opinions would be created out of information available at the time.
"for the study of material aspects of daily life"Evidence Source
The idea was to create a database which would use those images not as Art Historians use them, but for historical purposes, that is, for the study of material aspects of daily life.
"programming exercises in SNOBOL"Evidence Source
This led me to the decision to do, besides the application of statistical software, some programming exercises in SNOBOL.
"had started to create a collection of all the surviving medieval images in the area roughly coincident with today’s Austria and some of the neighbouring countries"Evidence Source
This project had started to create a collection of all the surviving medieval images in the area roughly coincident with today’s Austria and some of the neighbouring countries.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"which nobody else at the Institute had ever used in practice"Evidence Source
SNOBOL, which nobody else at the Institute had ever used in practice, was suspected to be particularly useful for what I had in mind.
"formal training in computer usage simply consisted of how to use SPSS"Evidence Source
We had formal training in statistics and some in Mathematics, but formal training in computer usage simply consisted of how to use SPSS.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"when I formally teach computing and programming"Evidence Source
This is the reason why when I formally teach computing and programming I try not to impress a model of how people have to learn (any more than is absolutely necessary to keep classes consistent).
No extractions found for this utterance.
"still publish a journal (Historical Social Research)"Evidence Source
after the very few first years it basically evolved into a group of people who still publish a journal (Historical Social Research) in the field but there’s not very much happening beyond that.
"they organised summer schools themselves""in which I, of course, was heavily involved"Evidence Source
In those years they organised summer schools themselves in which I, of course, was heavily involved.
"was working very intensively with quantitative methods in History"Evidence Source
Quantum (Association for Quantification and Methods in Historical and Social Research – Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Quantifizierung und Methoden in der historisch-sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung e.V), which is a membership-driven group which at that time was working very intensively with quantitative methods in History.
"conference that I attended""in Pisa""in Pisa in 1982"Evidence Source
The first ALLC conference that I attended was in Pisa in 1982.
"The first conference that I attended which dealt with computing in parts of the Humanities was in Cologne in 1977""a conference of what is still called Quantum"Evidence Source
The first conference that I attended which dealt with computing in parts of the Humanities was in Cologne in 1977, where there was a conference of what is still called Quantum (Association for Quantification and Methods in Historical and Social Research – Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Quantifizierung und Methoden in der historisch-sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung e.V), which is a membership-driven group which at that time was working very intensively with quantitative methods in History.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"ran between 1978 until the early 1990s"Evidence Source
a series of summer schools in Austria that ran between 1978 until the early 1990s.
"I also quite frequently presented the work I did at all sorts of Historians’ conferences"Evidence Source
From something like 1978 onwards, I also quite frequently presented the work I did at all sorts of Historians’ conferences, but there were too many of them for me to have a very clear memory of when I presented what.
"organised a series of summer schools in Austria"Evidence Source
I was part of an Austrian-based group who organised a series of summer schools in Austria that ran between 1978 until the early 1990s.
"I was part of an Austrian-based group"Evidence Source
Oh yes. Still linking back to Austria, I was part of an Austrian-based group who organised a series of summer schools in Austria that ran between 1978 until the early 1990s.
"also organised regular workshops or sections at the annual Historians’ conference in Austria"Evidence Source
This group also organised regular workshops or sections at the annual Historians’ conference in Austria.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was frequently quoted by"Evidence Source
So, the Poverty of Historicism (Popper 1957) was frequently quoted by the quantifiers
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in something like 1995"Evidence Source
For example, the advent of easily available quantitative methods with the arrival of SPSS and similar programs; the arrival of easily usable databases together with PCs; and the arrival of easily usable web publication possibilities or web services in something like 1995.
"offered the possibility of very easily creating graphical representations of statistical data"Evidence Source
The interesting thing that happened when the PC was invented is that there came with it some very simple-minded statistical programs that offered the possibility of very easily creating graphical representations of statistical data.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions"Evidence Source
a complex Social History analysis based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions, for specific types of Economic and Social History.
"the Director of that institute at that time, Mr Vierhaus"Evidence Source
and the Director of that institute at that time, Mr Vierhaus, let his people have great leeway.
"people should have the computing capacities and devices they needed quite irrespective of which institute they came from"Evidence Source
And these infrastructures assumed that people should have the computing capacities and devices they needed quite irrespective of which institute they came from.
"I had access to all the conference volumes published since the early 1960s about the early stages of Humanities Computing all over the field"Evidence Source
But I had access to all the conference volumes published since the early 1960s about the early stages of Humanities Computing all over the field.
"influenced me most directly"Evidence Source
But that’s probably the one thing that influenced me most directly.
"had just made extraordinary capabilities available to him, more precisely a 10 MB hard disc"Evidence Source
He became very, very enthusiastic because Harvard had just made extraordinary capabilities available to him, more precisely a 10 MB hard disc and he would only have to find the money for a programmer so he could actually use it!
"the first fully quantitative study of the Tuscan or Pisan census"Evidence Source
He was truly famous for the first fully quantitative study of the Tuscan or Pisan census, one of the first censuses of their first years.
"including Harvard"Evidence Source
I basically went to a dozen or 14 people at universities all over the US, including Harvard.
"turned its focus mainly towards Anthropology and interpretative inter disciplinarity"Evidence Source
I haven’t looked for it recently because after the end of the 1980s it turned its focus mainly towards Anthropology and interpretative inter disciplinarity rather than the formal methods.
"In Harvard at that time there was an extremely prominent social or economic Historian named David Herlihy""had done one of the very first studies of Italian censuses"Evidence Source
In Harvard at that time there was an extremely prominent social or economic Historian named David Herlihy who had done one of the very first studies of Italian censuses.
"databases of roughly about 200 MB"Evidence Source
In the early 1980s our work on social and economic History had led to databases of roughly about 200 MB, which now seems relatively trivial, but at that time, as will become clear in a moment, was rather large.
"published very much about the usage of computers and particularly the usage of computers for non-quantitative purposes in History"Evidence Source
It published very much about the usage of computers and particularly the usage of computers for non-quantitative purposes in History.
"a collection of something like 80 institutes""which run joint infrastructures"Evidence Source
It’s really not an institute but a collection of something like 80 institutes which run joint infrastructures.
"Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen"Evidence Source
my first long-term work in the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen.
"a Max Planck Institute is a pure research institute, which is actually not connected to a university"Evidence Source
Now, a Max Planck Institute is a pure research institute, which is actually not connected to a university
"I was originally hired for a rather specific project that was supposed to be a complex Social History analysis based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions"Evidence Source
There I was originally hired for a rather specific project that was supposed to be a complex Social History analysis based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions, for specific types of Economic and Social History.
"my first long-term work in the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen"Evidence Source
What influenced me more systematically was simply the working conditions I found at the place where I had my first long-term work in the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen.
"had its heyday from the 1970s until the 1980s"Evidence Source
What influenced me very much was Historical Methods, a journal which had its heyday from the 1970s until the 1980s.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"work on the comparison of the shape of medieval pottery"Evidence Source
at some stage we also did work on the comparison of the shape of medieval pottery, which has relatively few commonalities with documents at Auschwitz, but simply also has some data structures which can be supported if you have software which operates at the right level of generalisation.
"I got a grant from the Volkswagenstiftung funding agency"Evidence Source
At the end of which this research project had emancipated itself to such an extent that I got a grant from the Volkswagenstiftung funding agency. This allowed me to start a new implementation of that software
"was focused on making a specific canon of methods (quantitative methods or analytical quantitative methods to be precise) available more or less to the researcher him or herself"Evidence Source
Behind that term was the assumption that previous software, like, for example, SPSS, was focused on making a specific canon of methods (quantitative methods or analytical quantitative methods to be precise) available more or less to the researcher him or herself.
"the implementation of the first version started in 1987"Evidence Source
Between the middle of the 1980s and 1990s (the implementation of the first version started in 1987) we worked on that software, making it available shortly after development began.
"indirectly influenced me very much"Evidence Source
In this context David Sabean [...] indirectly influenced me very much, though not in detail, because he was not following things up very much himself.
"the programming system CLIO"Evidence Source
my experience from Vienna of building systems which, at least in theory, should be used by the researchers themselves, let me then invent the programming system CLIO (Thaller 1987a)
"to create a computer system able to take the marriage registers of a village, find out which children belonged to which marriage, which death record belonged to which individual (which is called family reconstitution) and then to augment that with just about any conceivable source that contained names, lists of taxation, property lists and various other stuff"Evidence Source
Now my task, and that was exactly the job I was hired for, was to create a computer system able to take the marriage registers of a village, find out which children belonged to which marriage, which death record belonged to which individual (which is called family reconstitution) and then to augment that with just about any conceivable source that contained names, lists of taxation, property lists and various other stuff.
"is defined as the phase when artisanry in agricultural areas was, by various economic constructions, converted into a system where a relatively large portion of available income was also produced by the systematic production of items, particularly in the textile pre-industry or proto-industry"Evidence Source
Proto-industrialisation is defined as the phase when artisanry in agricultural areas was, by various economic constructions, converted into a system where a relatively large portion of available income was also produced by the systematic production of items, particularly in the textile pre-industry or proto-industry.
"meant that you would try to take historical sources and try to convert “everything” (I hope you heard the quotes) that a source possibly contains into a form which then could be analysed for various purposes"Evidence Source
Source-oriented databases, as I understood them, or source-oriented data processing as I understood it, meant that you would try to take historical sources and try to convert “everything” (I hope you heard the quotes) that a source possibly contains into a form which then could be analysed for various purposes.
"brought something like 100 people together""for 2 weeks"Evidence Source
summer schools (1987 to 1992, 1994 and 1997) which at the height of the development brought something like 100 people together for 2 weeks
"involved some early work on making the content of archives of the former concentration camp at Auschwitz available"Evidence Source
There have been quite a few of these, one of which, for example, involved some early work on making the content of archives of the former concentration camp at Auschwitz available (Sicherung und verbesserte Erschließung der Quellen im Archiv des Staatlichen Museums Auschwitz-Birkenau Footnote4)
"not implemented in PL/1 anymore but in the programming language C"Evidence Source
This allowed me to start a new implementation of that software that was not implemented in PL/1 anymore but in the programming language C
"for which I invented the term “source-oriented data processing”"Evidence Source
This meant that within a relatively short period of something like 5 years, what originally had clearly been a supportive function for a specific number of research projects gained the status of an abstract research project on its own, simply geared towards building a general software system for historical purposes, for which I invented the term “source-oriented data processing” (see Thaller 1987b, 1988, 1991).
"summer schools (1987 to 1992, 1994 and 1997)"Evidence Source
We also made it available by providing summer schools (1987 to 1992, 1994 and 1997) which at the height of the development brought something like 100 people together for 2 weeks, to show how you could handle historical sources based on that type of software.
"could be used for, theoretically, all types of historical sources"Evidence Source
which in any case was rather general and could be used for, theoretically, all types of historical sources.
"probably the only modestly widely used system with a command language in Latin"Evidence Source
which some people still remember because it’s probably the only modestly widely used system with a command language in Latin
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen""in Siegen"Evidence Source
at the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen in [1990]
"Duderstadt in lower Saxony"Evidence Source
I had immediately afterwards the possibility to point out that the not so widely known city of Duderstadt in lower Saxony had online about twice as many pages of fairly obscure material from the fifteenth century!
"unveiled, with great pathos, the first version of the George Washington papers"Evidence Source
sitting on a panel beside a representative of the Library of Congress in Washington who unveiled, with great pathos, the first version of the George Washington papers.
"at the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen in [1990] we presented a workstation with the kind of software I’m talking about"Evidence Source
So, at the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen in [1990] we presented a workstation with the kind of software I’m talking about, which showed, among other things, a very, very early version of this image processing software.
"we had a separate section where we implemented the possibility of handling manuscript variants in a way that is more meaningful than how it is typically done"Evidence Source
So, while digitisation was the main point of the project, we had a separate section where we implemented the possibility of handling manuscript variants in a way that is more meaningful than how it is typically done.
"working on Unix workstations"Evidence Source
we entered image processing, which is digitisation, image enhancement, pattern recognition in 1988 or 1989, working on Unix workstations
"digitise a substantial amount of manuscripts, something like 60,000 pages or 70,000 pages"Evidence Source
We got a research grant in the middle of the 1990s which allowed us to digitise a substantial amount of manuscripts, something like 60,000 pages or 70,000 pages, and make them available over the internet (see Aumann et al. 1999).
"in 1988 or 1989"Evidence Source
Well, still cooperating with that Austrian Institute where I had my first contract in 1976, we entered image processing, which is digitisation, image enhancement, pattern recognition in 1988 or 1989, working on Unix workstations
"make them available over the internet"Evidence Source
which allowed us to digitise a substantial amount of manuscripts, something like 60,000 pages or 70,000 pages, and make them available over the internet (see Aumann et al. 1999).
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Cologne then offered a Professorship for Computer Science for the Humanities"Evidence Source
But when Cologne then offered a Professorship for Computer Science for the Humanities, where I had the possibility to build up my own study programs and also attract funding for projects that I could get involved in personally, rather than only managing them, this had so much attraction that I went south again, ending up instead on the Rhine at Cologne.
"I did a bit of teaching in History that was connected to digital methods"Evidence Source
I did a bit of teaching in History that was connected to digital methods
"University of Bergen"Evidence Source
I was then asked to move fully to the University of Bergen to direct the merger of three independent research units there
"asked to move fully to the University of Bergen to direct the merger of three independent research units there"Evidence Source
I was then asked to move fully to the University of Bergen to direct the merger of three independent research units there, which covered the whole scope from editorial Philology right through to Museum Information Systems.
"I had a parallel appointment in Bergen, Norway"Evidence Source
No, already during my last years at Max Planck in Göttingen, I had a parallel appointment in Bergen, Norway.
"was something like a 30-person infrastructure for IT usage in the Humanities in the University of Bergen"Evidence Source
So that was a fairly large unit which, when it had been merged, was something like a 30-person infrastructure for IT usage in the Humanities in the University of Bergen.
"covered the whole scope from editorial Philology right through to Museum Information Systems"Evidence Source
three independent research units there, which covered the whole scope from editorial Philology right through to Museum Information Systems.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"out of digital libraries it was particularly easy to drift off into digital preservation"Evidence Source
and out of digital libraries it was particularly easy to drift off into digital preservation because that was relatively simple to fund.
"at Max Planck funds were considerably more easily available than at a regular university"Evidence Source
And the other thing, of course, is that at Max Planck funds were considerably more easily available than at a regular university
"I think I collected teaching assignments at more than a dozen universities during my years at Max Planck"Evidence Source
I think I collected teaching assignments at more than a dozen universities during my years at Max Planck.
"I was also heavily involved in summer schools"Evidence Source
I was also heavily involved in summer schools.
"out of creating historical databases it was very simple to drift into digital libraries"Evidence Source
That may have brought me away from my original purposes because out of creating historical databases it was very simple to drift into digital libraries, particularly because it was easier to get funding for digital libraries than it was for historical databases
"I can call myself extremely successful at inviting third party funding for research while being in Cologne"Evidence Source
though I have to say that in a sense I think I can call myself extremely successful at inviting third party funding for research while being in Cologne.
"at Max Planck I had absolutely no contact with students, originally"Evidence Source
Well, that’s totally different, I mean, at Max Planck I had absolutely no contact with students, originally.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was funded by what was then called the Science Research Council"Evidence Source
an organisation called the Atlas Computer Laboratory, which was funded by what was then called the Science Research Council to provide computing support for universities
"been doing this text analysis study of the Pauline Epistles with a computer"Evidence Source
Andrew Morton, who’d been doing this text analysis study of the Pauline Epistles with a computer.
"he was doing his work at an organisation called the Atlas Computer Laboratory"Evidence Source
Because technology within the universities at that time was quite small, and very much focussed on Sciences, he was doing his work at an organisation called the Atlas Computer Laboratory, which was funded by what was then called the Science Research Council to provide computing support for universities.
"I applied for a job there""and they hired me"Evidence Source
I applied for a job there, having no qualifications in computing, and my only mathematical expertise was up to O level, and they hired me.
"did Classics at Oxford""did Classics""did my final degree in Egyptian with Akkadian"Evidence Source
I did Classics at Oxford and then did my final degree in Egyptian with Akkadian.
"doing some text analysis work on the Koran"Evidence Source
I met one of the lecturers in Arabic, called Alan Jones, and found out that he was already doing some computing things. I think my tutor told me about him and I met him and found out that he was doing some text analysis work on the Koran.
"those articles in the Observer from Andrew Morton"Evidence Source
I remembered reading those articles in the Observer from Andrew Morton, who’d been doing this text analysis study of the Pauline Epistles with a computer.
"I started giving courses there"Evidence Source
I started giving courses there and then we started developing more in different facilities.
"I stayed there until early 1975"Evidence Source
I stayed there until early 1975 when Oxford University decided they wanted to do something more on Computing in the Arts.
"I was an undergraduate in the late 1960s"Evidence Source
I was an undergraduate in the late 1960s.
"I was there from 1975 until I went to America in 1991"Evidence Source
I was there from 1975 until I went to America in 1991.
"the latest technology then and the only way of doing graphs"Evidence Source
It was the latest technology then and the only way of doing graphs.
"is on the Harwell site at Chilton"Evidence Source
It’s been merged into many other things since then and is on the Harwell site at Chilton.
"was first of all described as Teaching Officer for Computing in the Arts""I applied for that job and got it"Evidence Source
So I applied for that job and got it and it was first of all described as Teaching Officer for Computing in the Arts.
"I wrote some programs to display Alan Jones’s Arabic concordances on a graph plotter"Evidence Source
So I wrote some programs to display Alan Jones’s Arabic concordances on a graph plotter, which is a really ancient device.
"the first ever paged memory computing machine"Evidence Source
the Atlas, which was the first ever paged memory computing machine.
"was written in the Atlas machine language"Evidence Source
they had several people using this COCOA concordance program, which I think was written in the Atlas machine language.
"a project to re-write it in FORTRAN"Evidence Source
They wanted something that would have a slightly better user interface, and something that would outlive Atlas, so they started a project to re-write it in FORTRAN.
"I was an adviser on that project"Evidence Source
They wanted something that would have a slightly better user interface, and something that would outlive Atlas, so they started a project to re-write it in FORTRAN. I didn’t actually do the coding. I was an adviser on that project.
"running on the Atlas"Evidence Source
When I started they already had a concordance program called COCOA, which was running on the Atlas, which was the first ever paged memory computing machine.
"decided they wanted to do something more on Computing in the Arts"Evidence Source
when Oxford University decided they wanted to do something more on Computing in the Arts, as it was called then, and they started looking for someone who could get people interested.
"to provide computing support for universities"Evidence Source
which was funded by what was then called the Science Research Council to provide computing support for universities
No extractions found for this utterance.
"manufacturing systems in business computing"Evidence Source
I had read a few things about IBM, who were, in the main, manufacturing systems in business computing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"that is where I met Antonio Zampolli, who was there"Evidence Source
I know Busa wasn’t there but that is where I met Antonio Zampolli, who was there, as were quite a lot of other people.
"I went to the first conference in this country in 1970 on what was called Literary and Linguistic Computing"Evidence Source
I know I read a lot about what was going on, and I went to the first conference in this country in 1970 on what was called Literary and Linguistic Computing.
"him coming to Oxford and then coming to my office in Oxford"Evidence Source
I remember him coming to Oxford and then coming to my office in Oxford but that was probably in the late 1970s.
"I found out about Busa then and started following up about what he was doing"Evidence Source
I spent quite a bit of time when I first got there looking around in the library and I found out about Busa then and started following up about what he was doing.
"they had a good library which included CHum right back to when it started in 1966"Evidence Source
The Atlas Computer Laboratory was generously funded and they had a good library which included CHum right back to when it started in 1966.
"when it started in 1966"Evidence Source
they had a good library which included CHum right back to when it started in 1966.
"started as Busa’s research assistant"Evidence Source
You know, Antonio Zampolli started as Busa’s research assistant.
"he wrote the introduction to his Thomas Aquinas thing in Latin""wrote the introduction to his Thomas Aquinas thing in Latin"Evidence Source
You know, he wrote the introduction to his Thomas Aquinas thing in Latin, so that it could be read by a lot of different people.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I was given some books and they said read and get on with it. You need to learn FORTRAN"Evidence Source
I was given some books and they said read and get on with it. You need to learn FORTRAN and if you need any help come and ask, and that’s how I learned.
"they created the job and hired me"Evidence Source
Well, they created the job and hired me. I’m not certain that it was created for me but I was appointed to it.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I learned some ALGOL"Evidence Source
And I learned some ALGOL, a little bit of Atlas machine code, and I started seriously doing SNOBOL when I wanted to give a programming course in Oxford and it seemed the obvious thing for text handling.
"a little bit of Atlas machine code"Evidence Source
And I learned some ALGOL, a little bit of Atlas machine code, and I started seriously doing SNOBOL when I wanted to give a programming course in Oxford.
"I started seriously doing SNOBOL when I wanted to give a programming course in Oxford"Evidence Source
and I started seriously doing SNOBOL when I wanted to give a programming course in Oxford and it seemed the obvious thing for text handling.
"FORTRAN was the thing that everybody used for almost all the applications in the Atlas Computer Laboratory"Evidence Source
FORTRAN was the thing that everybody used for almost all the applications in the Atlas Computer Laboratory.
"they didn’t really have a proper compiler for it there"Evidence Source
I think I looked at that a bit when I was at the Atlas Computer Laboratory but they didn’t really have a proper compiler for it there.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I got elected to be the Chair"Evidence Source
and then I got elected to be the Chair, which I actually did for quite a long time.
"I was editing the ALLC Bulletin"Evidence Source
and then I was editing the ALLC Bulletin, and then I got elected to be the Chair, which I actually did for quite a long time.
"there was a meeting at King’s College in London in 1973 when it was formed""in 1973 when it was formed"Evidence Source
And there was a meeting at King’s College in London in 1973 when it was formed.
"He and I went to what I think was the first Literary Linguistic and Computing conference in the UK, in Cambridge in 1970"Evidence Source
He and I went to what I think was the first Literary Linguistic and Computing conference in the UK, in Cambridge in 1970, and we gave a preliminary talk on what we were planning to do with all this non-standard character output.
"I think Roy Wisbey edited the first one, which was published by Cambridge""was published by Cambridge"Evidence Source
I think Roy Wisbey edited the first one, which was published by Cambridge.
"was in Manchester then, and she was energetic and felt it would be a good idea to form a society to support all of this. She persuaded Roy Wisbey to take on doing this"Evidence Source
That was before the ALLC was founded: there was a lady called Joan Smith, who was in Manchester then, and she was energetic and felt it would be a good idea to form a society to support all of this. She persuaded Roy Wisbey to take on doing this.
"in Cambridge in 1970"Evidence Source
the first Literary Linguistic and Computing conference in the UK, in Cambridge in 1970
"The Society ran its own bulletin and journal for quite some time"Evidence Source
The Society ran its own bulletin and journal for quite some time.
"There were about 70 or 80 people there"Evidence Source
There were about 70 or 80 people there and that’s when I first met people who subsequently became quite well known worldwide in the field.
"that’s when I first met people who subsequently became quite well known worldwide in the field. I met Joseph Raben, for example"Evidence Source
There were about 70 or 80 people there and that’s when I first met people who subsequently became quite well known worldwide in the field. I met Joseph Raben, for example, and Bob and Joe got on very well, so we kept in touch a lot.
"another one was organised in Edinburgh 2 years later and I think they carried on every 2 years for about 10 or 12 years"Evidence Source
These conferences were such a success that another one was organised in Edinburgh 2 years later and I think they carried on every 2 years for about 10 or 12 years and more people kept coming.
"I think I ended up on the committee of the ALLC fairly early on"Evidence Source
Yes, I think I ended up on the committee of the ALLC fairly early on, and then I was editing the ALLC Bulletin, and then I got elected to be the Chair, which I actually did for quite a long time.
"who left to take up a chair at Cardiff"Evidence Source
Yes, not my immediate boss, but the person that I did quite a bit of work for when there was called Bob Churchhouse, who left to take up a chair at Cardiff.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Antonio was instrumental in getting some money from a European Commission stream"Evidence Source
Antonio was instrumental in getting some money from a European Commission stream.
"organise it with two representatives of the three societies that were involved with it. There was the ALLC, ACH and the Association for Computational Linguistics"Evidence Source
I think it was at that meeting that it was decided to organise it with two representatives of the three societies that were involved with it. There was the ALLC, ACH and the Association for Computational Linguistics.
"I was one of the two ALLC representatives on the Steering Committee""The other was Antonio Zampolli"Evidence Source
I was one of the two ALLC representatives on the Steering Committee. The other was Antonio Zampolli.
"TEI started with a meeting organized at Vassar College Poughkeepsie in 1987, November"Evidence Source
TEI started with a meeting organized at Vassar College Poughkeepsie in 1987, November, I think, and that was invitational.
"at Vassar College Poughkeepsie""in 1987, November"Evidence Source
TEI started with a meeting organized at Vassar College Poughkeepsie in 1987, November.
"whose long term Secretary Don Walker had also realised that this was something important"Evidence Source
There was the ALLC, ACH and the Association for Computational Linguistics, whose long term Secretary Don Walker had also realised that this was something important.
"We took it in turns to chair the Steering Committee and when it was the ALLC turn it was me"Evidence Source
There were six of us, I suppose, who organized it. We took it in turns to chair the Steering Committee and when it was the ALLC turn it was me.
"We got some money from the NEH to get started"Evidence Source
We got some money from the NEH to get started and Antonio was instrumental in getting some money from a European Commission stream.
"We sat for an afternoon and defined these things which became known as the Poughkeepsie principles""these things which became known as the Poughkeepsie principles"Evidence Source
We sat for an afternoon and defined these things which became known as the Poughkeepsie principles.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"we did have funding to have face to face meetings"Evidence Source
But we soon discovered how difficult it is to get closure on an email discussion and we did have funding to have face to face meetings, which really were very productive.
"we said in the TEI right from the beginning that anybody who wanted to do any work for it had to do it by email"Evidence Source
We said in the TEI right from the beginning that anybody who wanted to do any work for it had to do it by email.
"I served on the TEI council a few years ago"Evidence Source
I served on the TEI council a few years ago and email is still certainly at the heart of all of it.
"was interested in having some kind of society to support CHum"Evidence Source
I can’t remember the details about the founding of ACH, but Joseph Raben was interested in having some kind of society to support CHum, which had been round various publishers.
"society to support CHum"Evidence Source
I can’t remember the details about the founding of ACH, but Joseph Raben was interested in having some kind of society to support CHum.
"I was a member of the ACH for quite some time"Evidence Source
I did go to quite a number of those as well. I was a member of the ACH for quite some time but I don’t really remember exactly what happened about the organization of that.
"perhaps 4 or 5 years after the ALLC"Evidence Source
I think it was later than that. I think it was perhaps 4 or 5 years after the ALLC.
"the third one of those was at the University of Waterloo in 1977"Evidence Source
the Americans had sort of looked a little bit at what was going on in Britain and they’d started a series of conferences in the alternate years and the third one of those was at the University of Waterloo in 1977.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"even in the 1980s to do work, to try and apply the tools and techniques they’d developed for Computational Linguistics to see how well they worked with literary texts like Dante and other works of Italian literature"Evidence Source
Antonio was really keen, even in the 1980s to do work, to try and apply the tools and techniques they’d developed for Computational Linguistics to see how well they worked with literary texts like Dante and other works of Italian literature.
"when he was Professor of Computer Science at Queens University, in Canada"Evidence Source
David Barnard who was involved in the TEI quite a bit when he was Professor of Computer Science at Queens University, in Canada.
"He was in French Studies"Evidence Source
He was in French Studies and he said that nobody spoke to him at the first conference he went to in French Studies and he vowed it would never happen in this field.
"he was very, very keen on linking up literary computing with research that was going on in Computational Linguistics"Evidence Source
He was very, very keen on linking up literary computing with research that was going on in Computational Linguistics.
"He’s now the President at the University of Manitoba"Evidence Source
He’s now the President at the University of Manitoba.
"Two people who helped me a lot when I started were Bob Churchhouse and Alan Jones""Two people who helped me a lot when I started were Bob Churchhouse and Alan Jones"Evidence Source
Two people who helped me a lot when I started were Bob Churchhouse and Alan Jones – I’ve already mentioned them.
"in the 1950s he wanted to have a completely lemmatized version of his text"Evidence Source
You know, in the 1950s he wanted to have a completely lemmatized version of his text and we still can’t really do that automatically now.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Humanities, at that time in Oxford, except for Oriental Studies, had no departmental facilities"Evidence Source
because Humanities, at that time in Oxford, except for Oriental Studies, had no departmental facilities.
"it was actually the first college to have a computer in Oxford"Evidence Source
But St Cross was also very forward looking and it was actually the first college to have a computer in Oxford.
"I did quite a bit of work with Kenneth Dover as well, a very well-known classicist""a very well-known classicist"Evidence Source
I did quite a bit of work with Kenneth Dover as well, a very well-known classicist.
"there was a very big project which I was extremely interested in, and I did quite a bit of work with, the Orlando project"Evidence Source
I think the same was true in Alberta where there was a very big project which I was extremely interested in, and I did quite a bit of work with, the Orlando project, and that was really pushing the boundaries of what you can do.
"I was 16 years in the Computing Center in Oxford"Evidence Source
I was 16 years in the Computing Center in Oxford.
"I was elected to a fellowship of St Cross College in 1979""which was one of the new young graduate colleges"Evidence Source
I was elected to a fellowship of St Cross College in 1979, which was one of the new young graduate colleges.
"they were almost all CD-ROMs"Evidence Source
It was very, very early days for computing and electronic resources in libraries anyway – they were almost all CD-ROMs.
"My next job in New Jersey was based in a library"Evidence Source
My next job in New Jersey was based in a library and that had a different atmosphere.
"who did various computer-based stylistic studies based on concordances"Evidence Source
particularly Anthony Kenny, the well-known Philosopher, who did various computer-based stylistic studies based on concordances.
"I wasn’t ever in a Humanities department until I got to Alberta"Evidence Source
So because I wasn’t ever in a Humanities department until I got to Alberta where there was a very stimulating intellectual atmosphere, I didn’t really have much cause to be around people who weren’t computing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"this was around 1960"Evidence Source
(this was around 1960)
"he was Professor at the University of Milan"Evidence Source
he was one of the first Italian intellectuals – and he was Professor at the University of Milan, of course – to become interested in the Artificial Intelligences
"to become interested in the Artificial Intelligences""one of the first Italian intellectuals – and he was Professor at the University of Milan, of course – to become interested in the Artificial Intelligences"Evidence Source
he was one of the first Italian intellectuals – and he was Professor at the University of Milan, of course – to become interested in the Artificial Intelligences or methods to produce artificial reasoning
"their shop in Milan"Evidence Source
I saw IBM machines in the window of their shop in Milan in the 1950s
"in the 1950s and so I became aware that something like that existed"Evidence Source
I saw IBM machines in the window of their shop in Milan in the 1950s and so I became aware that something like that existed
"I was studying Philology at the time"Evidence Source
I was studying Philology at the time
"I was, in a sense, the originator of the project"Evidence Source
I was, in a sense, the originator of the project, because I spoke with my Professor of Philology, Ignazio Cazzaniga, about it
"my Professor of Philology"Evidence Source
my Professor of Philology, Ignazio Cazzaniga
"making a critical edition in Latin of St Augustine’s The City of God""with the help of those card computers"Evidence Source
to explore the possibilities of making a critical edition in Latin of St Augustine’s The City of God, with the help of those card computers
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"when I went to the Centro di calcolo (the Computer Centre) of the University of Rome everything really began"Evidence Source
But when I went to the Centro di calcolo (the Computer Centre) of the University of Rome everything really began
"By the late 1970s I had collected a great amount of information pertaining to Coptic manuscripts and other literature""By the late 1970s"Evidence Source
By the late 1970s I had collected a great amount of information pertaining to Coptic manuscripts and other literature
"I contacted some companies like Nixdorf Computer AG"Evidence Source
I contacted some companies like Nixdorf Computer AG,Footnote3 and others, in order to explore the possibilities that existed then
"the Centro di calcolo (the Computer Centre) of the University of Rome""the Computer Centre"Evidence Source
the Centro di calcolo (the Computer Centre) of the University of Rome
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I worked with them with much satisfaction"Evidence Source
the personnel there who were available to help me were really good and I worked with them with much satisfaction
No extractions found for this utterance.
"he had also seen that those machines could, in a way, think"Evidence Source
As I mentioned, Professor Ceccato, but he had also seen that those machines could, in a way, think
No extractions found for this utterance.
"he had seen the relationship between pure thinking and automatic procedures"Evidence Source
I mean, he had seen the relationship between pure thinking and automatic procedures
No extractions found for this utterance.
"He was an applied mathematician""studied the logical theory of numbers"Evidence Source
He was an applied mathematician who also studied the logical theory of numbers
"he hated Artificial Intelligence"Evidence Source
He was very realistic, very straightforward. There was no charlatanism in his approach and he hated Artificial Intelligence
"The man I consider my real teacher in computing and also Humanities Computing is Luigi Cerofolini"Evidence Source
The man I consider my real teacher in computing and also Humanities Computing is Luigi Cerofolini
No extractions found for this utterance.
"then running on the UNIVAC mainframe of the centre"Evidence Source
a Database Management System (called Omnidata), then running on the UNIVAC mainframe of the centre
"from the practical side is the Unix system"Evidence Source
and from the practical side is the Unix system
"Unix is not an operating system, it is an environment system"Evidence Source
Cerofolini taught me that Unix is not an operating system, it is an environment system
"First, I encountered the Turing machine and I had never heard about that before"Evidence Source
First, I encountered the Turing machine and I had never heard about that before
"from the theoretical side is the Turing machine"Evidence Source
I insist, and nobody in Humanities Computing wants to acknowledge this, but I think that what is most important from the theoretical side is the Turing machine
"the Director""the Director"Evidence Source
Mirella Schaerf, the Director, was very helpful
"Second, I encountered Unix"Evidence Source
Second, I encountered Unix
"gave me free access"Evidence Source
She explained how it worked and gave me free access
"provided a Database Management System (called Omnidata)"Evidence Source
she understood my problems and provided a Database Management System (called Omnidata), then running on the UNIVAC mainframe of the centre
"She was an engineer"Evidence Source
She was an engineer and she understood my problems
"the Computing Centre of the University of Rome"Evidence Source
the Centro di calcolo, the Computing Centre of the University of Rome
"mainframe of the centre"Evidence Source
UNIVAC mainframe of the centre
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a mystic-philosophical link between logic, reason and something that materially happens, that is the computer or whatever"Evidence Source
I have understood that the Turing machine is mysterious and also, in a sense, a mystic-philosophical link between logic, reason and something that materially happens, that is the computer or whatever
"It is anything that can perform automatic procedures on discreet quantities"Evidence Source
You know the computer is not only what we generally call ‘a computer’? It is anything that can perform automatic procedures on discreet quantities
No extractions found for this utterance.
"That part of Humanities may be automated"Evidence Source
However, when one develops a historical proposition they must construct it logically. If it is not logically constructed it is intrinsically contradictory and does not stand. That part of Humanities may be automated with enormous consequences in the sense that computers (this is banal but this is where it enters) can manage quantities of memories that the human brain cannot
No extractions found for this utterance.
"his relationship with IBM"Evidence Source
although his relationship with IBM (which at the time did not include real computation, like the UNIVAC, for example) is, of course, established
"the work of William Weaver""the work of William Weaver, Norbert Wiener, and others"Evidence Source
Here I’m referring, of course, to the work of William Weaver, Norbert Wiener, and others
"The real beginnings of Humanities Computing can be found in some experiments, especially on artificial translation and automatic translation"Evidence Source
The real beginnings of Humanities Computing can be found in some experiments, especially on artificial translation and automatic translation
"the experiments of Jean-Claude Gardin and the new archaeology"Evidence Source
We must also look to some branches of archaeology, especially the experiments of Jean-Claude Gardin and the new archaeology, in America and beyond
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the much more serious work done for the early Italian literary text by Mario Alinei and D’Arco Silvio Avalle""the much more serious work done for the early Italian literary text by Mario Alinei and D’Arco Silvio Avalle"Evidence Source
Indeed, the much more serious work done for the early Italian literary text by Mario Alinei and D’Arco Silvio Avalle does not come from Busa’s group
"his being a Jesuit"Evidence Source
this may be something to do with his being a Jesuit and that is also important
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Chaucer (1996)"Evidence Source
Peter Robinson’s Chaucer (1996)
"Regarding the first critical edition, for instance, what comes to my mind is Peter Robinson’s Chaucer (1996)"Evidence Source
Regarding the first critical edition, for instance, what comes to my mind is Peter Robinson’s Chaucer (1996)
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I trained myself using textbooks"Evidence Source
Absolutely not. I trained myself using textbooks
"(1980)"Evidence Source
Archaeological Constructs: An Aspect of Theoretical Archaeology (1980)
"Jean Claude Gardin’s Archaeological Constructs: An Aspect of Theoretical Archaeology (1980)"Evidence Source
Jean Claude Gardin’s Archaeological Constructs: An Aspect of Theoretical Archaeology (1980)
"The people at the University Computer Centre gave me some practical instruction"Evidence Source
The people at the University Computer Centre gave me some practical instruction
"this term that’s very often used now instead of Humanities Computing"Evidence Source
this move to DH, this term that’s very often used now instead of Humanities Computing
"“digital” is not necessarily “electronic”, absolutely not"Evidence Source
And “digital” is not necessarily “electronic”, absolutely not
No extractions found for this utterance.
"what Elizabeth Eisenstein (1980) calls the printing revolution"Evidence Source
It is a revolution like what Elizabeth Eisenstein (1980) calls the printing revolution
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"He was in Pisa at the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (Institute of Computational Linguistics) of the CNR""of the CNR""in Pisa"Evidence Source
He was in Pisa at the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (Institute of Computational Linguistics) of the CNR
"He was reflecting on the possibilities of computing in the 1950s"Evidence Source
He was reflecting on the possibilities of computing in the 1950s, but nobody knew
"when he worked in Canada still"Evidence Source
I met Willard McCarty here in Rome, at a meeting organised by the Canadian Embassy when he worked in Canada still
"he really is at the source of Humanities Computing"Evidence Source
I must say that Gardin is an exceptional case because he really is at the source of Humanities Computing
"In Germany I met Manfred Thaller"Evidence Source
In Germany I met Manfred Thaller (see Chap. 13)
No extractions found for this utterance.
"He produced the collection of reproductions of manuscripts in Cologne"Evidence Source
He produced the collection of reproductions of manuscripts in Cologne, which is wonderful
"manuscripts in Cologne"Evidence Source
the collection of reproductions of manuscripts in Cologne
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a good example of the real interaction between computing principles and languages"Evidence Source
Chomsky (who, on the other hand, is a good example of the real interaction between computing principles and languages
"Geoffrey Sampson and the British National Corpus"Evidence Source
Geoffrey Sampson and the British National CorpusFootnote5 and a lot of those enterprises are important too
"Sampson has written a wonderful book about alphabets (Sampson 2015)"Evidence Source
Sampson has written a wonderful book about alphabets (Sampson 2015)
"one who creates the British National Corpus"Evidence Source
Sampson has written a wonderful book about alphabets (Sampson 2015), strange for one who creates the British National Corpus, you see
"The advancements in linguistic theory that emerged from the unfortunate experiments in artificial translation are very important"Evidence Source
The advancements in linguistic theory that emerged from the unfortunate experiments in artificial translation are very important
"the polemic (Sampson 2005) he wrote against Chomsky"Evidence Source
The first is syntactical linguistics and the polemic (Sampson 2005) he wrote against Chomsky
"The Oxford Text ArchiveFootnote4 is a wonderful thing and, then, after that, came Google"Evidence Source
The Oxford Text ArchiveFootnote4 is a wonderful thing and, then, after that, came Google
"encoding principles, which is joined to alphabet theory"Evidence Source
The second is encoding principles, which is joined to alphabet theory
No extractions found for this utterance.
"The European community recommends the building of infrastructures for many domains"Evidence Source
You know, the trend now is infrastructures. The European community recommends the building of infrastructures for many domains
No extractions found for this utterance.
"when the Oxford Patristic ConferenceFootnote6 started it was not as huge as it is now, it was just held in a meeting room"Evidence Source
when the Oxford Patristic ConferenceFootnote6 started it was not as huge as it is now, it was just held in a meeting room
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"working in""wrote assembly language programs for this computer""ran more than one program simultaneously"Evidence Source
From being a computer operator, then I got a job as a computer programmer, working in IBM assembly language — IBM 7094 assembly language — and then when the first computer that they had, which ran more than one program simultaneously — the CDC 6600 — came in, I wrote assembly language programs for this computer, which marked quite a change in my relationship with computers.
"computer operator of""worked with an"Evidence Source
I eventually — the story is long and complex, and pretty much boring — I eventually got a job, first as a computer operator of IBM's 7094 and worked with an IBM 704, which was a drum-based machine that had 6000 valves in it.
"got a job in""in Berkeley""second year of university at"Evidence Source
It was at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley where I got a job in my second year of university at UC Berkeley.
"had an intimate connection with""had an intimate connection with""had a direct line to"Evidence Source
So, the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, because they had an intimate connection with the Federal Government and with their bomb-making counterparts in Livermore, had a direct line to computer manufacturers.
"in Berkeley in the early 1960s"Evidence Source
That was in Berkeley in the early 1960s.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"transferred to""worked on an"Evidence Source
and then English eventually, which is when I transferred to Reed College, where I worked on an IBM 1401, which is what they had in their so-called computer centre.
"devised by""devised by"Evidence Source
second year physics, which was an experimental programme in relativistic physics devised by Harvard and Berkeley and taught for the first time that year
No extractions found for this utterance.
"had been a physics student""worked as a computer programmer"Evidence Source
a whiz kid who had been a physics student and fell in love with computers and thereafter just worked as a computer programmer
"was apprenticed to"Evidence Source
At one point I was apprenticed to a young whiz kid, well I was young too then, I guess, but a whiz kid who had been a physics student and fell in love with computers and thereafter just worked as a computer programmer, his name was, oddly enough, Bill Gates, though not the Bill Gates.
"re-wrote the operating system of"Evidence Source
He was a legend among computer people of the West Coast — he and another guy re-wrote the operating system of the CDC 6600, for example, they were quite amazing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"used to do all sorts of very clever things with"Evidence Source
Fortran was actually quite a good language by then and we used to do all sorts of very clever things with Fortran, including crashing the machine periodically.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"at Toronto"Evidence Source
a computing centre for the humanities — it was called Centre for Computing in the Humanities at Toronto —
"as a programmer for""working on a DECsystem-10"Evidence Source
as a programmer for Ian Lancashire, basically working for him, although later on for other people in the project and working on a DECsystem-10, with an acoustic coupler modem, 300-baud acoustic coupler modem, programming various things for a compilation that he was putting together on English dramatic records.
"working on Ovid's Metamorphoses"Evidence Source
because I had been, by this time, working on Ovid's Metamorphoses, since there were no jobs in English, I thought I'd do what I wanted, which was to work on the Metamorphoses.
"12000 lines of Latin poetry"Evidence Source
because it was a very large project — 12000 lines of Latin poetry — there's a lot of stuff in those 12000 lines.
"ended up at""to do a PhD in 17th century non-dramatic poetry"Evidence Source
but I ended up at the University of Toronto to do a PhD in 17th century non-dramatic poetry.
"got the job at King's""during that period from 1984 to 1996"Evidence Source
But it was during that period from 1984 to 1996, when I got the job at King's, that I was in a position not only to be involved with research as we think of it and so to try ideas out, but also to talk to people who were doing all kinds of different research
"formed a computing centre for the humanities"Evidence Source
but not explicitly until Ian formed a computing centre for the humanities — it was called Centre for Computing in the Humanities at Toronto —
"I applied and I got it — 30,000 Canadian dollars"Evidence Source
But Russ convinced me I could apply for money so I applied and I got it — 30,000 Canadian dollars — it seemed like a fortune to me.
"Got my PhD in '84""went to work in '85"Evidence Source
Got my PhD in '84, went to work in '85.
"got a job with""with which we at King's have now an intimate association"Evidence Source
I got a job with the Records of Early English Drama project, which is still going and with which we at King's have now an intimate association, oddly enough, as a programmer for Ian Lancashire, basically working for him, although later on for other people in the project and working on a DECsystem-10, with an acoustic coupler modem, 300-baud acoustic coupler modem, programming various things for a compilation that he was putting together on English dramatic records.
"I hired a young Classicist from Kentucky"Evidence Source
I hired a young Classicist from Kentucky, very much an American southerner, who's Latin was very good and who thought very differently than I did.
"was working for the computing centre itself""in the micro-computer support group""mostly dealt with people in the Humanities"Evidence Source
I then was working for the computing centre itself, in the micro-computer support group, which mostly dealt with people in the Humanities, so again implicitly digital humanities but hardware-focused — Osbornes and Apple 2s, that sort of thing.
"was a service centre for the humanities"Evidence Source
It was a service centre for the humanities, which is where the academic legitimacy came from.
"I invented my own coding system""long before TEI"Evidence Source
So, I was adding codes, and this was this long before TEI, so I invented my own coding system, like everybody else did, but I made sure that it was rigorously consistent so that it could be algorithmically translated into any other coding system.
"in the French Department"Evidence Source
So, Russ Wooldridge, a lexicographer in the French Department convinced me I could apply for money
No extractions found for this utterance.
"could wear light blue shirts instead of white shirts"Evidence Source
after then all IBM employees could wear light blue shirts instead of white shirts.
"had to wear white shirts"Evidence Source
Until Thomas J Watson Jr, I think, had to appear on colour television all IBM employees had to wear white shirts
No extractions found for this utterance.
"had been pouring money into the Humanities since the early 1960s"Evidence Source
IBM, which had been pouring money into the Humanities since the early 1960s, IBM was very forward thinking, very forward-looking in developing a field that was manifestly not going to do very much of commercial interest but they had lots of money, they were on top of the world, they poured lots of money into the Humanities.
"300,000 Canadian dollars a year budget for this little centre""300,000 Canadian dollars a year budget for this little centre"Evidence Source
So, the University of Toronto was awash with money, in the 1980s, 300,000 Canadian dollars a year budget for this little centre, which was quite a bit of money then.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"has done a great deal for the digital humanities in Canada"Evidence Source
At that time, and subsequently I think, it has done a great deal for the digital humanities in Canada.
"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada"Evidence Source
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"he went to CP Snow's lecture in 1959 in Cambridge""in 1959""in Cambridge"Evidence Source
He says in there that he went to CP Snow's lecture in 1959 in Cambridge, the famous two cultures lecture,
"overlaps, very neatly, the beginning of computing in the humanities and up to the release of the web in '91"Evidence Source
the period of the Cold War, which overlaps, very neatly, the beginning of computing in the humanities and up to the release of the web in '91.
"sponsored by IBM in 1964""in 1964"Evidence Source
When Steven Parish gave his summary account of the first conference in our field, sponsored by IBM in 1964, the Literary Data Processing Conference, you have the proceedings of that, I think.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"organised by Iacob Choueka in Jerusalem"Evidence Source
and the conference organised by Iacob Choueka in Jerusalem, the year after, I think.
"in Columbia, South Caroline""Bob Oakman's conference""Professor of English and Computer Science"Evidence Source
The International Conference for Computers in the Humanities in Columbia, South Caroline, Bob Oakman's conference, Professor of English and Computer Science,
"the conference at which the meeting was formed out of which Humanist came"Evidence Source
which is the conference at which the meeting was formed out of which Humanist came
No extractions found for this utterance.
"my calligraphy teacher Lloyd Reynolds, who taught me respect for craftsmanship"Evidence Source
and earlier than that, my calligraphy teacher Lloyd Reynolds, who taught me respect for craftsmanship, which has influenced me in all sorts of ways.
"the man I went to study with in Toronto"Evidence Source
But on the non-computing side, Northrop Frye above all, I suppose, the man I went to study with in Toronto, my actual doctoral supervisor Jim Carscallan,
"my actual doctoral supervisor"Evidence Source
the man I went to study with in Toronto, my actual doctoral supervisor Jim Carscallan,
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was interested in computer applications for the work I was doing on literary texts"Evidence Source
But for all that time I was interested in computer applications for the work I was doing on literary texts.
"was a way of getting commercial training for young people in the early 1980s"Evidence Source
I left school at 16 and did a TOPS (Training Opportunities Scheme) training course, which was a way of getting commercial training for young people in the early 1980s.
"took a TOPS course in Computer Operating"Evidence Source
I took a TOPS course in Computer Operating, so I ended up at the age of 17 as a Mainframe Computer Operator
"learnt assembly language programing from the handbook that came with this little £80 kit"Evidence Source
I wanted to do the programming and I learnt assembly language programing from the handbook that came with this little £80 kit.
"worked as a Mainframe Computer Operator from 1982 to 1988"Evidence Source
So I worked as a Mainframe Computer Operator from 1982 to 1988
"took Computer Science"Evidence Source
The first actual hands-on encounter was when I took Computer Science, as it used to be, when there were still O-levelsFootnote1 in the late 1970s.
"having a Sinclair Spectrum""having a Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 computer"Evidence Source
Then I went through the usual 1980s route of having a Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 computer.
"had a Teletype machine with an acoustic coupler and a modem"Evidence Source
We had a Teletype machine with an acoustic coupler and a modem.
"connected the Teletype to the mainframe"Evidence Source
you put the handset into this fur-lined box, which connected the Teletype to the mainframe.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"did a BA in English Literature"Evidence Source
did a BA in English Literature
"an MA in Shakespeare Studies""a PhD in Shakespeare Studies"Evidence Source
did a BA in English Literature and an MA in Shakespeare Studies and a PhD in Shakespeare Studies.
"got my A-levels in English Literature and History"Evidence Source
so at 23 I went back and got my A-levels in English Literature and History
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I had a thing called a Sinclair Z88"Evidence Source
I had a thing called a Sinclair Z88.
"did my BA entirely on a computer"Evidence Source
So I very quickly got computerized I mean I did my BA entirely on a computer.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I asked if in future I could do my exam on a computer because of this disability. The university agreed"Evidence Source
I had done very well in my essays but I did very poorly in the 3 hour exam and I asked if in future I could do my exam on a computer because of this disability. The university agreed and my grades shot up.
"I say that as a book historian"Evidence Source
I think I’ve had a phobia against paper right from the start. It’s a diabolically bad medium for storing human knowledge in my view and I say that as a book historian.
"digitised all of my several thousand books and destroyed them in the process"Evidence Source
So I digitised all of my several thousand books and destroyed them in the process, but that was okay.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I found a local printing shop that had an electrically powered guillotine and they would machine the spines off for me for 50p a go"Evidence Source
But for doing the 3000 books I found a local printing shop that had an electrically powered guillotine and they would machine the spines off for me for 50p a go.
"cut the spine off so you got a bundle of loose leaves and then put them through a sheet feeding scanner"Evidence Source
Yeah, the fast way to do it is to cut the spine off so you got a bundle of loose leaves and then put them through a sheet feeding scanner.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"he used when he was making the Oxford Shakespeare edition of 1986"Evidence Source
It was the one he used when he was making the Oxford Shakespeare edition of 1986
"my PhD supervisor, Stanley Wells"Evidence Source
Its only 1968 but the copy I’ve got I was given by my PhD supervisor, Stanley Wells.
"edition of 1986"Evidence Source
the Oxford Shakespeare edition of 1986
"he was the main Editor"Evidence Source
which was a big-deal edition (he was the main Editor; see Wells et al. 1986).
No extractions found for this utterance.
"teach students how to print on a sixteenth century hand press"Evidence Source
And I say this as I actually teach students how to print on a sixteenth century hand press.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"doing my Master’s degree in Stratford-Upon-Avon"Evidence Source
I had a friend called Peter White when I was doing my Master’s degree in Stratford-Upon-Avon.
"in 1989 the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was published for the first time on CD-ROM"Evidence Source
my fellow students didn’t know that in 1989 the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was published for the first time on CD-ROM, so you could search for words by their meaning, which is the first time you could ever do that.
"went on to be ProQuest’s person in charge of EEBO""went on to be ProQuest’s person in charge of EEBO (Early English Books online)"Evidence Source
The irony is actually Peter then went on to be ProQuest’s person in charge of EEBO (Early English Books online).Footnote4
No extractions found for this utterance.
"doing her undergraduate degree in English at Queen’s University Belfast"Evidence Source
She said that when she was doing her undergraduate degree in English at Queen’s University Belfast
"has herself become an academic expert in the use of computers in Literary Studies"Evidence Source
Since then she has herself become an academic expert in the use of computers in Literary Studies and finds others’ Ludditism as annoying as I do.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I learnt, as I say, machine code programming"Evidence Source
Although, I learnt, as I say, machine code programming, which was 0s and 1s, although the short cut was you didn’t have to put in 0s and 1s, you’d use hexadecimals (base 16)
"the point of computerizing everything was that everything I’d ever thought was recoverable by me"Evidence Source
So the point of computerizing everything was that everything I’d ever thought was recoverable by me.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Senate House, in Malet Street, in London"Evidence Source
I remember, when I was an undergraduate, I often used to go to Senate House, in Malet Street, in London, to use the library.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I took training courses in the library, as a student"Evidence Source
And I did actually, there were actually things I needed to learn about. I took training courses in the library, as a student, so that did happen.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"is available digitally"Evidence Source
I know the MLA IB is available digitally, how can I get to it
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I’m still largely in the lone scholar model"Evidence Source
I haven’t yet very much encountered that and what I mean by that is, I’m still largely in the lone scholar model.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I advise the AHRC on how to evaluate the attempts to do certain things"Evidence Source
I advise the AHRC on how to evaluate the attempts to do certain things.
"on the university website that I run at De Monfort University, which is the Centre for Textual Studies"Evidence Source
In fact, on the university website that I run at De Monfort University, which is the Centre for Textual Studies,Footnote5 I describe myself as a ‘would-be Digital Humanist’.
"I’ve advised various libraries on their digitisation projects"Evidence Source
I‘ve advised groups, I’ve advised various libraries on their digitisation projects
"at De Monfort University"Evidence Source
on the university website that I run at De Monfort University, which is the Centre for Textual Studies
"I ended up on a few committees"Evidence Source
Once EEBO became widely established across universities, I sort of made myself available to them and asked, if they were having events, would they be interested in having someone who is a very heavy user of the resource So, I ended up on a few committees, that’s been my way in.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"its main work in the past has been making stuff “let’s make an edition of Chaucer, of Virginia Woolfe’s so and so”"Evidence Source
I’ve taken over the centre after about 10 years of its existence and its main work in the past has been making stuff “let’s make an edition of Chaucer, of Virginia Woolfe’s so and so”.
"Ray finished his PhD in 1997""Ray finished his PhD in 1997, same as me"Evidence Source
Ray finished his PhD in 1997, same as me.
"I’m Director of the Centre for Textual Studies at De Montfort University"Evidence Source
That’s interesting because it bares directly on my work at the moment, I’m Director of the Centre for Textual Studies at De Montfort University.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"how many projects do you know out there who really used those TEI-encoded editions to answer a research question"Evidence Source
I mean, the TEI is wonderful as it is, yet how many projects do you know out there who really used those TEI-encoded editions to answer a research question
"I started there in 2000"Evidence Source
I started there in 2000 and I thought is that actually true
"used to work at the Globe Theatre in London"Evidence Source
Let me give you an example of that when I used to work at the Globe Theatre in London.
"using Literature Online"Evidence Source
So I went counting, just using Literature Online actually.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the Oxford Text Archive had a copy"Evidence Source
I found that the Oxford Text ArchiveFootnote8 had a copy, but I had to ask the person who was curating the copy if I could have it.
"I was on the JISC e-books project"Evidence Source
I was on the JISC e-books project.Footnote7
"I got a job at Loughborough University"Evidence Source
I’ve been a Shakespeare Scholar, I worked at the Globe theatre, and I got a job at Loughborough University.
"I was, I think, one of only two academics on it"Evidence Source
When the E-Books working group started I was, I think, one of only two academics on it.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"my main thing, which is Shakespeare and in my case, at the moment, Textual Studies"Evidence Source
because I’m really, really intent on not getting distracted from my main thing, which is Shakespeare and in my case, at the moment, Textual Studies or what’s been done with the early editions of Shakespeare.
"I go to the Shakespeare Association of America meeting"Evidence Source
I go to the Shakespeare Association of America meeting
"I’ve actually been reading papers for the big DH conference""before that it was called the LLC"Evidence Source
I’ve actually been reading papers for the big DH conference and before that it was called the LLC.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"has a digital strand every year"Evidence Source
The Renaissance Society of America has a digital strand every year.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Thomas Kyds’ play the Spanish Tragedy got expanded at some point in its life"Evidence Source
For example Thomas Kyds’ play the Spanish Tragedy got expanded at some point in its life and the latest thinking is that Shakespeare wrote the editions to that.
"the latest thinking is that Shakespeare wrote the editions to that"Evidence Source
the latest thinking is that Shakespeare wrote the editions to that.
"these extra 500 lines, to make the revised version of the Spanish Tragedy"Evidence Source
You’ve got these extra 500 lines, to make the revised version of the Spanish Tragedy.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"did his entire PhD on questions about how Aristotle figures in early modern writing"Evidence Source
A friend of mine from Sheffield Hallam University called Matt Steggle told me that he did his entire PhD on questions about how Aristotle figures in early modern writing what is said about Aristotle, how do they think about him
"with Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO), right up to 1800"Evidence Source
and then with Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO), right up to 1800.
"have pictures of all the books published up to the Civil War"Evidence Source
Anybody who works for a university can have pictures of all the books published up to the Civil War
"give everyone all the poetry, prose and plays and they could search them"Evidence Source
Before that Literature OnlineFootnote10 was a huge deal. We could essentially give everyone all the poetry, prose and plays and they could search them as well.
"about to give a lecture at De Montfort on Christopher Marlowe’s poem Hero and Leander"Evidence Source
I’m about to give a lecture at De Montfort on Christopher Marlowe’s poem Hero and Leander
"the first edition of 1598"Evidence Source
I’m about to give a lecture at De Montfort on Christopher Marlowe’s poem Hero and Leander, and I quote in the lecture solely from the first edition of 1598.
"OED, being online and digital"Evidence Source
OED, being online and digital, was a huge transformation.
"a digitisation of all the early quarto printings of Shakespeare at the British Library, the Bodleian, the Folger in Washington DC, [the National Library of Scotland] and the Huntington Library in California"Evidence Source
Shakespeare Quartos Archive,Footnote11 I regret to say, hasn’t made much difference. This is a digitisation of all the early quarto printings of Shakespeare at the British Library, the Bodleian, the Folger in Washington DC, [the National Library of Scotland] and the Huntington Library in California.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a guy called Donald Foster at Vassar College"Evidence Source
a guy called Donald Foster at Vassar College had a new tool he called SHAXICON
"had a new tool he called SHAXICON""was doing those kind of analysis of Shakespeare’s writing"Evidence Source
a guy called Donald Foster at Vassar College had a new tool he called SHAXICON, which was doing those kind of analysis of Shakespeare’s writing.
"free software, like Zotero"Evidence Source
Now we have free software, like Zotero, which is great.
"managing a database of your own references is something I teach research students to do"Evidence Source
The point is, managing a database of your own references is something I teach research students to do.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a topographical glass, a sort of surveyor’s instrument"Evidence Source
He reconstructed the entire construction of this picture with a thing called a topographical glass, a sort of surveyor’s instrument.
"one of the great books that was part of that project was by John Orrell (1983), in which he analysed a contemporary picture of the Globe"Evidence Source
One of the great books that was part of that project was by John Orrell (1983), in which he analysed a contemporary picture of the Globe.
"was working on attempts to reconstruct the Globe Theatre, including the one that was being built in London in the mid-1990s"Evidence Source
When I was doing my PhD, I was working on attempts to reconstruct the Globe Theatre, including the one that was being built in London in the mid-1990s.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"hired"Evidence Source
It was a year later that they hired Henriette D. Avram to come and begin computerising the library
"worked as a searcher/editor for""worked as a searcher/editor for"Evidence Source
My first job, after I graduated with a degree in English with a minor concentration in Art, was at the Library of Congress in Washington DC, where I worked as a searcher/editor for the Union Catalog.
"in"Evidence Source
the Library of Congress in Washington DC
"begin computerising"Evidence Source
they hired Henriette D. Avram to come and begin computerising the library
"includes every book that it holds"Evidence Source
Union Catalog is the Library of Congress' huge catalog that includes every book that it holds.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went to work for"Evidence Source
I went to work for, I think it was, the J. Walter Thompson Company
"It was around"Evidence Source
I went to work for, I think it was, the J. Walter Thompson Company ... It was around 1967
"had a contract with"Evidence Source
J. Walter Thompson Company, who had a contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center.
"catalog the documents and books"Evidence Source
My job there was to catalog the documents and books that were in their collection
"computerising"Evidence Source
the Goddard Space Flight Center was computerising their library.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"head of a large technical library for"Evidence Source
all of a sudden I was the head of a large technical library for a big aerospace company.
"also known as"Evidence Source
Ball Brothers Research Corporation (BBRC; now called Ball Aerospace)
"programme in"Evidence Source
Essentially I was working with a computer that I had to programme in FORTRAN and so I learnt to programme in FORTRAN.
"applied for the position of"Evidence Source
I applied for the position of technical librarian and got it.
"began to computerise"Evidence Source
I dealt with the documents and I'm not sure exactly how it occurred that I began to computerise the library.
"worked with me"Evidence Source
I had a woman who worked with me, Jo Sanford, who was also learning to programme.
"lived in""lived in"Evidence Source
I lived in Dürer Platz in the old walled City of Nurnberg
"took a summer institute at"Evidence Source
I took a summer institute at the University of Denver's Graduate School of Librarianship
"worked in"Evidence Source
I worked in the Special Library System in Furth
"in"Evidence Source
Special Library System in Furth
"made"Evidence Source
They made the orbiting solar observatory.
"it was"Evidence Source
This was not the era of big Computer Science departments, it was 1969
"ran"Evidence Source
took classes in FORTRAN from Dan Anderson. He ran the computer room and also taught the classes.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"member of"Evidence Source
Georges Perec (2011), who was a member of the Oulipo
"It's by"Evidence Source
I always use this book, The Art of Asking your Boss for a Raise ... It's by Georges Perec
"played off"Evidence Source
if you look in Uncle Roger, you can see that I played off the programme I wrote for BBRC.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"writing"Evidence Source
At the time he was writing The Fifth Horseman, which was a story of the Mexican Revolution.
"boss at"Evidence Source
my immediate boss at BBRC, and this is kind of interesting, was José Antonio Villarreal
No extractions found for this utterance.
"beginning of"Evidence Source
1969 was the beginning of ARPANET
"used"Evidence Source
I think I used a mainframe, I've been trying to research what computer I used. I'm not positive it was a mainframe, I'm pretty sure it was an IBM.
"MIT's"Evidence Source
MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
"used"Evidence Source
MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) used MAIL to coordinate their research
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in"Evidence Source
Bell Labs in New Jersey
"who's his wife"Evidence Source
Nancy Kaplan, who's his wife.
"ran"Evidence Source
So I had to go find Dan Anderson (who ran the computer room)
"telling the story to"Evidence Source
when I was telling the story to Stuart Moulthrop during the Pathfinders interview
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"it was"Evidence Source
I began to have this vision that I could create a non-sequential narrative using catalog cards ... it was 1976 when I started doing this.
"used"Evidence Source
I used the early Apple II programme called Visidex.
"made"Evidence Source
In those days, Radio Shack made these electromechanical address books
"'s"Evidence Source
JR Carpenter's City Fish
"first time I used computers since I left BBRC"Evidence Source
So this was the first time I used computers since I left BBRC in 1969, and it was 1986.
"bought"Evidence Source
we went and bought a used Apple II
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went to"Evidence Source
He also went to the University of Michigan and worked on computerising that catalog
"Professor of"Evidence Source
I didn't mention that the Professor of the Systems Analysis course I took was Richard M Dougherty
"interview"Evidence Source
reading Willard McCarty's interview (McCarty et al. 2012)
"Head Librarian at"Evidence Source
Richard M Dougherty, who went on to be the Head Librarian at UC Berkeley
No extractions found for this utterance.
"My colleague"Evidence Source
My colleague, Jo Sanford and I were the only women using the computer room.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"community on"Evidence Source
community on the Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (see, for example, Rheingold 2000; Turner 2010) was very helpful.
"programmed""in"Evidence Source
I also programmed Uncle Roger in Unix Shell scripts
"started using"Evidence Source
When I started using BASIC, which was hugely easier to use
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"(ACEN)"Evidence Source
Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN)
"making"Evidence Source
because he had seen the database I was making (Bad Information Base no 1).
"initiated""programmed"Evidence Source
Carl Loeffler initiated and Fred Truck programmed a system and menu where the works could actually be published.
"in"Evidence Source
Fred Truck in Iowa
"founding director of"Evidence Source
he was the founding director of Art Com/La Mamelle
"director of"Evidence Source
he was the founding director of Art Com/La Mamelle and then of Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN)
"published"Evidence Source
It was how I first published Uncle Roger
"in"Evidence Source
talk to spoken word poet Fortner Anderson in Canada
"gave access"Evidence Source
The WELL gave ACEN direct access to the server
"used"Evidence Source
the WELL used the conferencing software PicoSpan
"housed in"Evidence Source
The works themselves, and in my case the programs I wrote that ran them, were housed in The WELL's VAX.
"in"Evidence Source
to Jim Rosenberg in Pennsylvania
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"application"Evidence Source
I think a good application, like Inform 7 or Storyspace
"using""using"Evidence Source
I'm using HTML or JavaScript
"application"Evidence Source
Storyspace, for example, was a wonderful application
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"2013"Evidence Source
Defining Digital Humanities: a Reader (Terras et al. 2013)
"published"Evidence Source
my colleagues and I published a book called Defining Digital Humanities: a Reader (Terras et al. 2013).
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"formatted"Evidence Source
Fred formatted it
"done"Evidence Source
he had done Silence
"in about"Evidence Source
in about 1952, when he had done Silence
"published"Evidence Source
John Cage, who, in 1986 or 1987, I'm not sure which, published a work on Art Com, called the First Meeting of the Satie Society
"work on"Evidence Source
published a work on Art Com, called the First Meeting of the Satie Society
"wrote a series of articles for"Evidence Source
Robert Coover (1992) wrote a series of articles for the New York Times
"officially called"Evidence Source
Silence (officially called 4′33″
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"at"Evidence Source
CADRE) at San Jose State
"hosted by"Evidence Source
hosted by the Computers in Art and Design, Research and Education Institute (CADRE)
"connected more with"Evidence Source
Howard Besser was there also and he is actually connected more with the Museum Computer Network.
"invited to be on"Evidence Source
I was invited to be on the Art and Telecommunications panel
"from"Evidence Source
Jeanelle Hurst (from Australia)
"organized"Evidence Source
on the Art and Telecommunications panel, organized by Carl Loeffler
"took place in"Evidence Source
the NCGA Conference that took place in San Jose State University.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"created a work"Evidence Source
He and David Tudor created a work where Cage read those stories in one room
"created"Evidence Source
Many of the works he's done have been influential on my work, I'm thinking of his Interdeterminacy.
"(1923"Evidence Source
Sonya Rapoport (1923-2015)
"died"Evidence Source
Sonya Rapoport (1923-2015), who just died this June
No extractions found for this utterance.
"worked on"Evidence Source
He picked up Storyspace from Michael Joyce, and the other people who worked on it
"at"Evidence Source
I went to an installation at 80 Langton Street called 'Objects on my Dresser'.
"in"Evidence Source
I went to an installation at 80 Langton Street called 'Objects on my Dresser'. ... I think, in 1980 or 1981
"chief Scientist at"Evidence Source
Mark Bernstein (chief Scientist at Eastgate, one of the leading publishers of hypertext)
"created"Evidence Source
She had created a work where she had taken the objects on her dresser, I think, and written texts about each object. ... 'Objects on my Dresser'
"did another work called"Evidence Source
Then she did another work called Shoe Field
No extractions found for this utterance.
"visiting lecturer job at"Evidence Source
I just had a wonderful 2 year visiting lecturer job at Princeton.
"worked at"Evidence Source
Nathaniel Hawthorne worked at a customs house.
"worked at"Evidence Source
TS Eliot, worked at a bank
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the Director of our Computing Service"Evidence Source
and I went downstairs to the Director of our Computing Service, John Lambert,Footnote2 and asked him if any of this could be computerised.
"we worked right on from there"Evidence Source
He responded with great interest and enthusiasm and we worked right on from there.
"told me about COCOA (Russell 1965), the software program of the day for text management and preparation""the software program of the day for text management and preparation"Evidence Source
He told me about COCOA (Russell 1965), the software program of the day for text management and preparation.
"It was 1979"Evidence Source
It was 1979. I’d been card-indexing examples of tolerably common words (or frequent words) in Jane Austen’s novels.
"I’d been card-indexing examples of tolerably common words (or frequent words) in"Evidence Source
I’d been card-indexing examples of tolerably common words (or frequent words) in Jane Austen’s novels.
"A Remington word processor that we had in the faculty was my first contact""that we had in the faculty"Evidence Source
A Remington word processor that we had in the faculty was my first contact.
"you were Dean""you put me in charge of that project"Evidence Source
Remember [to JB], you were Dean and you put me in charge of that project.
"That was in the early 1980s"Evidence Source
That was in the early 1980s, so that was our first bit of word processing technology.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I was working on a problem on"Evidence Source
I was working on a problem on Ben Jonson’s additions to the Spanish Tragedy
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I had maybe six Shakespeare plays and six Jonson plays"Evidence Source
I had maybe six Shakespeare plays and six Jonson plays
"did my first comparison in 1988"Evidence Source
I know that I did my first comparison in 1988.
"I prepared Hamlet for that study in 1988"Evidence Source
I prepared Hamlet for that study in 1988
"I’ve just been able to keep building it up to, I don’t know, 225 plays or whatever"Evidence Source
In my case, I’ve just been able to keep building it up to, I don’t know, 225 plays or whatever.
"I’ve probably used it at least every week since then – that same text over and over again"Evidence Source
I’ve probably used it at least every week since then – that same text over and over again.
"the Manager of Cambridge University Literary and Linguistic Computer Centre"Evidence Source
had the good fortune to meet John Dawson [the Manager of Cambridge University Literary and Linguistic Computer Centre].
"Dawson’s center in Cambridge""Hockey’s center in Oxford"Evidence Source
So, between Dawson’s center in Cambridge and Hockey’s center in Oxford, I was doing a lot of criss-cross travelling in the course of that year
"was told about Susan Hockey (see Chap. 6) and the work in Oxford University Computing Services"Evidence Source
was told about Susan Hockey (see Chap. 6) and the work in Oxford University Computing Services.
"retired from his post as Director of Computing Services"Evidence Source
by 2001 he had been retired from his post as Director of Computing Services for 6 or 8 years.
"The prototype software that he designed for us called LILAC (Literature, Language, Computing)""LILAC (Literature, Language, Computing)""I use every day still"Evidence Source
The prototype software that he designed for us called LILAC (Literature, Language, Computing) I use every day still.
"he became our programmer in our center"Evidence Source
To amuse himself, and to earn a bit of money on the side, he became our programmer in our center.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"our Professor of Statistics"Evidence Source
I got a great deal of support from our Professor of Statistics, Annette Dobson, who was sympathetic to my ignorance and stupidity.
"a beautiful way of combining the multivariate (combining all those different variables in an exploratory way) and letting the data speak for itself"Evidence Source
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was just the key, wasn’t it? It was a beautiful way of combining the multivariate (combining all those different variables in an exploratory way) and letting the data speak for itself.
"in the Cambridge Computing Laboratory"Evidence Source
Nick McLaren in the Cambridge Computing Laboratory.
"they were empty words, or stock words, you know, classically"Evidence Source
Nobody thought that function words would give you anything because every one used them at the same rate and they were empty words, or stock words, you know, classically.
"Once I got it into the computer setup I was able to explore what did happen to and and, of and the"Evidence Source
Once I got it into the computer setup I was able to explore what did happen to and and, of and the.
"PCA somehow went beautifully with function words""John’s winning hand, function words plus PCA"Evidence Source
Then PCA somehow went beautifully with function words; that was John’s winning hand, function words plus PCA.
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"they’re like the very fabric of language"Evidence Source
but then you come back to function words: they’re abundant, they’ve got a good distribution … they’re like the very fabric of language, aren’t they?
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"we never really wanted to do anything other than study literature"Evidence Source
I think we’re fortunate that we never really wanted to do anything other than study literature; all of the other things were ancillary to that.
"Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis"Evidence Source
I was also enormously impressed by Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis
"on Shakespeare’s imagery"Evidence Source
I was enormously impressed by Wolfgang Clemen (1977) on Shakespeare’s imagery.
"written by a refugee in Istanbul I think it was, during the war""during the war"Evidence Source
partly because of the way in which it was written by a refugee in Istanbul I think it was, during the war, quite without a proper library.
"Reuben Arthur Brower’s Fields of Light (1951)""(1951)"Evidence Source
Reuben Arthur Brower’s Fields of Light (1951), was terribly important to me, you know.
"New Historicism in our own area – that is, the renaissance area – people like Stephen Greenblatt"Evidence Source
But I was very influenced by New Historicism in our own area – that is, the renaissance area – people like Stephen Greenblatt and so-called Cultural Poetics, which is a good broadening from close reading.
"who did a literary history of renaissance English"Evidence Source
We had a really nice visit from George Hunter, G. K. Hunter, who did a literary history of renaissance English, you know.
"conferences with people like Susan Hockey and Paul Fortier""conferences with people like Susan Hockey and Paul Fortier"Evidence Source
I did learn a lot in the late 1980s and 1990s at conferences with people like Susan Hockey and Paul Fortier.
"his deputy Paul Butler"Evidence Source
I’d go down and talk to him, or his deputy Paul Butler was helpful at times
"a Linguist, to help with preparing texts"Evidence Source
We had Alexis Antonia already there as a wonderfully patient person, and a Linguist, to help with preparing texts.
"The journals that were important were Literary and Linguistic Computing particularly"Evidence Source
The journals that were important were Literary and Linguistic Computing particularly
"but Computing in the Humanities as well"Evidence Source
The journals that were important were Literary and Linguistic Computing particularly but Computing in the Humanities as well.
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"who was a very good Ben Jonson scholar""in Cambridge"Evidence Source
Another great question came from Anne Barton (who was a very good Ben Jonson scholar) in Cambridge.
"I worked with him doing some PCAs""my father is a good mathematician"Evidence Source
Yes my father is a good mathematician and so I worked with him doing some PCAs.
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"in Adelaide""in 1974"Evidence Source
I gave a paper to a conference in Adelaide, the Australian branch of the MLA, AULLA in 1974
"I was Head of Department a lot of that time, and then Dean"Evidence Source
It was very arduous – I was Head of Department a lot of that time, and then Dean.
"Overseas conferences for me, in this field I mean, began in San Francisco in what must have been 1981 at the big ACH/ ALLC conference of that year""in San Francisco""what must have been 1981"Evidence Source
Overseas conferences for me, in this field I mean, began in San Francisco in what must have been 1981 at the big ACH/ ALLC conference of that year.
"I gave a paper to a conference in Adelaide, the Australian branch of the MLA, AULLA in 1974"Evidence Source
Well, I gave a paper to a conference in Adelaide, the Australian branch of the MLA, AULLA in 1974
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"had your first contact with computing as a participant of the programming course Nichtnumerische Datenverarbeitung (non-numeric data processing) at the Deutsches Rechenzentrum (German Computing Center) in Darmstadt""in Darmstadt""In 1966 you had your first contact with computing"Evidence Source
In 1966 you had your first contact with computing as a participant of the programming course Nichtnumerische Datenverarbeitung (non-numeric data processing) at the Deutsches Rechenzentrum (German Computing Center) in Darmstadt.
"had been busy studying Theology and had completed a doctorate in it"Evidence Source
I had been busy studying Theology and had completed a doctorate in it.
"had started a second study in Classics"Evidence Source
I knew that I would not earn my living from Theology and so I had started a second study in Classics.
"at the University of Munich (where I was studying Classics)""where I was studying Classics"Evidence Source
In 1966 I noticed an announcement on a notice board at the University of Munich (where I was studying Classics) that the Deutsches Rechenzentrum Footnote1 was offering programming courses that were also available to Humanities people.
"was offering programming courses that were also available to Humanities people"Evidence Source
that the Deutsches Rechenzentrum Footnote1 was offering programming courses that were also available to Humanities people.
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"I tried to design a program to automatically compile the metrical characteristics which Norden had collected in the appendix to his commentary. It worked"Evidence Source
I tried to design a program to automatically compile the metrical characteristics which Norden had collected in the appendix to his commentary. It worked, and it was my first experience of thinking about the application of computers to the Humanities.
"In Darmstadt I had worked on an IBM 7090, and later a 7094"Evidence Source
In Darmstadt I had worked on an IBM 7090, and later a 7094.
"had worked on the New Testament and the differences on the teaching on prayer between the gospels"Evidence Source
In Theology I had worked on the New Testament and the differences on the teaching on prayer between the gospels (Ott 1965).
"my first experience of thinking about the application of computers to the Humanities"Evidence Source
It worked, and it was my first experience of thinking about the application of computers to the Humanities.
"Eduard Norden’s Commentary on Book VI of the Aeneid (1957)"Evidence Source
since I had learned from Eduard Norden’s Commentary on Book VI of the Aeneid (1957) how important it was to also pay attention to the “pictorial elements” of the hexameter when interpreting the poem
"The first part of the coursework was in Assembler"Evidence Source
The first part of the coursework was in Assembler, this means working very near to the hardware of the machine.
"The second part was in FORTRAN, using a set of sub-routines for character and string handling that the Darmstadt group had just developed""a set of sub-routines for character and string handling that the Darmstadt group had just developed"Evidence Source
The second part was in FORTRAN, using a set of sub-routines for character and string handling that the Darmstadt group had just developed, because FORTRAN, at that time, did not even have a CHARACTER statement.
"was working on Vergil’s Aeneid, an epic poem written in dactylic hexameters"Evidence Source
Therefore, since I was working on Vergil’s Aeneid, an epic poem written in dactylic hexameters, and since I had learned from Eduard Norden’s Commentary on Book VI of the Aeneid (1957) how important it was to also pay attention to the “pictorial elements” of the hexameter when interpreting the poem, I tried to design a program to automatically compile the metrical characteristics which Norden had collected in the appendix to his commentary.
"started the programming course in the spring of 1966"Evidence Source
When I started the programming course in the spring of 1966 it was relatively early times for Humanities Computing.
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"became Research Officer (Wissenschaftlicher Angestellter) for computer applications in the Humanities in the Computing Center at the University of Tübingen""In 1966 you became Research Officer""Computing Center at the University of Tübingen"Evidence Source
In 1966 you became Research Officer (Wissenschaftlicher Angestellter) for computer applications in the Humanities in the Computing Center at the University of Tübingen.
"a further project came from the Institute of Hebrew Studies at the University of Tübingen, an edition of the Mishna by Michael Krupp""an edition of the Mishna by Michael Krupp"Evidence Source
And, at the same time, a further project came from the Institute of Hebrew Studies at the University of Tübingen, an edition of the Mishna by Michael Krupp.
"Prof. Kurt Aland from the University of Münster"Evidence Source
Another large project also came from outside Tübingen. Prof. Kurt Aland from the University of Münster wanted to prepare a new critical edition of the New Testament
"Dr Hübner of IBM in Sindelfingen""had also been a member of the Classics Department in Tübingen before he went to IBM"Evidence Source
I had contacted Dr Hübner of IBM in Sindelfingen who had also been a member of the Classics Department in Tübingen before he went to IBM.
"In 1969, one of the larger projects was an index to 75 volumes (1895–1970) of the Theologische Quartalschrift""In 1969, one of the larger projects was an index"Evidence Source
In 1969, one of the larger projects was an index to 75 volumes (1895–1970) of the Theologische Quartalschrift.
"the TUSTEP typesetting programme (see below) was working. It was one of the first typesetting routines that could make up whole pages on a Digiset (the first digital typesetter)"Evidence Source
In the meantime the TUSTEP typesetting programme (see below) was working. It was one of the first typesetting routines that could make up whole pages on a Digiset (the first digital typesetter).
"a great project sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)"Evidence Source
It was the concordance to the Vulgate, the Latin Bible, by Father Bonifatius Fischer (1977), a great project sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
"the concordance to the Vulgate, the Latin Bible, by Father Bonifatius Fischer (1977)"Evidence Source
One of the first projects that came was from outside the university. It was the concordance to the Vulgate, the Latin Bible, by Father Bonifatius Fischer (1977), a great project sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
"wanted to prepare a new critical edition of the New Testament"Evidence Source
Prof. Kurt Aland from the University of Münster wanted to prepare a new critical edition of the New Testament
"Then in 1970, an index to the works of the middle-high German poet Heinrich Kaufringer was to be made""was to be made by Paul Sappler of the German Department""Paul Sappler of the German Department"Evidence Source
Then in 1970, an index to the works of the middle-high German poet Heinrich Kaufringer was to be made by Paul Sappler of the German Department.
"went to the Classics Department in Tübingen University where I continued my studies"Evidence Source
Therefore, I went to the Classics Department in Tübingen University where I continued my studies and showed them what I was working on to see whether they were interested.
"Therefore, they hired me, and the first thing I had to do was to continue my hexameter project"Evidence Source
They saw the chance that in these circumstances they could also get advice for Humanities applications because I was a Humanist with a doctorate and I had proven that I had also some knowledge of computing. Therefore, they hired me, and the first thing I had to do was to continue my hexameter project but, of course, to also give advice and make it available to other interested people from the Humanities.
"you put him in contact with Busa regarding lemmatisation"Evidence Source
I know you put him in contact with Busa regarding lemmatisation.
"his Lexicon Electronicum Latinum (LEL), as he called it"Evidence Source
And so I contacted Father Busa in Gallarate, or in Pisa, where he had just moved to, and asked him if he could give us a copy of his Lexicon Electronicum Latinum (LEL), as he called it.
"we took it as a basis for the lemmatisation""I visited him in Pisa"Evidence Source
I visited him in Pisa and he generously gave us his lexicon and we took it as a basis for the lemmatisation.
"the new edition which he had just finished, together with Robert Weber""the new edition which he had just finished, together with Robert Weber"Evidence Source
The edition for which the concordance was planned was the new edition which he had just finished, together with Robert Weber.
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"Digiset was produced by the Hell company in Kiel""was the first cathode ray tube typesetter""in the States it was marketed as VideoComp by RCA Corporation"Evidence Source
Digiset was produced by the Hell company in Kiel and was the first cathode ray tube typesetter (see, for example, Sassoon 1993, p.76, 78, 88); in the States it was marketed as VideoComp by RCA Corporation.
"Fischer had engaged a monastery of Benedictine nuns in Kempen on the Rhine"Evidence Source
For this work Fischer had engaged a monastery of Benedictine nuns in Kempen on the Rhine.
"Lux Bildstudio in Neu-Isenburg""I got in contact with Lux Bildstudio in Neu-Isenburg"Evidence Source
I got in contact with Lux Bildstudio in Neu-Isenburg and then I tried to prepare a programme so that this typesetter could be used for the publication of our data.
"the printing house of the Mittelbayerische Zeitung (a newspaper publisher) in Regensburg"Evidence Source
Indeed, due to a hint from Dr Hübner of IBM, the first contact that I had in this context was with the printing house of the Mittelbayerische Zeitung (a newspaper publisher) in Regensburg, who had a Linotype driven by paper tape.
"had a Linotype driven by paper tape"Evidence Source
the printing house of the Mittelbayerische Zeitung (a newspaper publisher) in Regensburg, who had a Linotype driven by paper tape.
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"He had just written the hyphenation of German programme for the Linotype typesetter"Evidence Source
He had just written the hyphenation of German programme for the Linotype typesetter.
"in Liege"Evidence Source
I contacted Professor Louis Delatte of the Laboratoire d’Analyse Statistique des Langues Anciennes in LiegeFootnote6 relatively early in July 1966.
"Stephen Waite (of Dartmouth College)""had been editing Calculi, his bi-monthly periodical for computer applications in the Classics since 1967"Evidence Source
I don’t remember the first contact that I had with Stephen Waite (of Dartmouth College), who had been editing Calculi, his bi-monthly periodical for computer applications in the Classics since 1967.
"Antonio Zampolli (his assistant at that time)"Evidence Source
I visited him and Antonio Zampolli (his assistant at that time) in July of 1967.
"In fact, I was the only German participant there""through it I made contacts with other important people, for example, Susan Hockey"Evidence Source
In fact, I was the only German participant there and through it I made contacts with other important people, for example, Susan Hockey.
"a large conference of La Fédération internationale des associations d’études classiques (FIEC) in Bonn"Evidence Source
In September 1969, there was a large conference of La Fédération internationale des associations d’études classiques (FIEC) in Bonn.
"they also asked me to give a report on my hexameter project"Evidence Source
It had about 800 participants, and they also asked me to give a report on my hexameter project (Ott 1969)
"a conference Professor Roy Wisbey was organising in Cambridge""organising in Cambridge"Evidence Source
Just about 4 years after my appointment to the Computing Center, in 1970, I heard of a conference Professor Roy Wisbey was organising in Cambridge.
"who later founded the Packard Foundation"Evidence Source
on this occasion, I came into contact with, for example, David Packard, who later founded the Packard Foundation.
"in the last number of the Revue of 1966, I had the first paper on my computer-aided hexameter studies"Evidence Source
So, in fact, in the last number of the Revue of 1966, I had the first paper on my computer-aided hexameter studies (Ott 1966).
"bi-monthly periodical for computer applications in the Classics"Evidence Source
Stephen Waite (of Dartmouth College), who had been editing Calculi, his bi-monthly periodical for computer applications in the Classics since 1967.
"the publisher Frommann-Holzboog in Stuttgart"Evidence Source
The contact with Father Fischer also came about via the publisher Frommann-Holzboog in Stuttgart.
"Professor Louis Delatte of the Laboratoire d’Analyse Statistique des Langues Anciennes in Liege"Evidence Source
There were also some people outside of Germany. I contacted Professor Louis Delatte of the Laboratoire d’Analyse Statistique des Langues Anciennes in LiegeFootnote6 relatively early in July 1966.
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"when the ALLC was subsequently founded it was not as a national British institution but as an international one"Evidence Source
I am convinced that my presence there was also important because when the ALLC was subsequently founded it was not as a national British institution but as an international one.
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"Professor Lenders of BonnFootnote8 was proposed for this""they asked me to be the representative for a specialist group on textual editing techniques"Evidence Source
So, Professor Lenders of BonnFootnote8 was proposed for this and they asked me to be the representative for a specialist group on textual editing techniques.
"There was a second conference in Edinburgh in 1972""where I was also present and gave a paper"Evidence Source
There was a second conference in Edinburgh in 1972, before the founding of the ALLC and after the Cambridge conference where I was also present and gave a paper (see Ott 1973).
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"In 1973 you co-founded pagina GmbH""In 1973 you co-founded pagina GmbH"Evidence Source
In 1973 you co-founded pagina GmbH, Footnote9 so I’d like to hear about how it was that the idea for a commercial company came about?
"He got in contact with me and proposed to make this service available commercially for typesetting in publishing houses. We decided to found the firm pagina"Evidence Source
He got in contact with me and proposed to make this service available commercially for typesetting in publishing houses. We decided to found the firm pagina (pagina is a Latin word for the page).
"the edition of the works of Kaufringer by Paul Sappler, which was to be published by Niemeyer"Evidence Source
One of the other earliest projects to use this typesetting program was the edition of the works of Kaufringer by Paul Sappler, which was to be published by Niemeyer.
"it was a typesetting firm for, more or less, publishers in the Humanities"Evidence Source
So we founded pagina: the name comes from the ready-made pages we created, and it was a typesetting firm for, more or less, publishers in the Humanities, because Niemeyer was, of course, also in this field.
"The programme I had made was the first programme, as far as I know, that did not only provide hyphenation and line breaks but also complete page make-up, including page numbering, running heads and so on"Evidence Source
The programme I had made was the first programme, as far as I know, that did not only provide hyphenation and line breaks but also complete page make-up, including page numbering, running heads and so on.
"The technical production manager of Niemeyer, Wolfgang Reiner"Evidence Source
The technical production manager of Niemeyer, Wolfgang Reiner, saw it just as he was looking for a replacement for hot metal typesetting.
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"it’s also giving advice to Humanities Computing projects from transcription to collation and so on"Evidence Source
and it’s also giving advice to Humanities Computing projects from transcription to collation and so on.
"Nowadays (and since 2011) it is “publishing technologies”"Evidence Source
Nowadays (and since 2011) it is “publishing technologies”, including online publications and e-book publications, workflows for publishing houses, the introduction of XML technologies and so on.
"The first business area of pagina, used as a supplement to the name of the firm, was Elektronische Satzherstellung (electronic typesetting)"Evidence Source
The first business area of pagina, used as a supplement to the name of the firm, was Elektronische Satzherstellung (electronic typesetting)
"and later, in 1966, it was changed to Gesamtherstellung Wissenschaftlicher Werke (overall production of scholarly works)"Evidence Source
The first business area of pagina, used as a supplement to the name of the firm, was Elektronische Satzherstellung (electronic typesetting) and later, in 1966, it was changed to Gesamtherstellung Wissenschaftlicher Werke (overall production of scholarly works).
"pagina in the meantime has also established an Abteilung (a division) called Digital Humanities"Evidence Source
Typesetting is only a tiny part of it, but pagina in the meantime has also established an Abteilung (a division) called Digital Humanities
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"we baptised it, and called it Tübingen System of Text Processing Programmes, TUSTEP"Evidence Source
and in 1978, when the child had some maturity, we baptised it, and called it Tübingen System of Text Processing Programmes, TUSTEP.
"COCOA, the word count and concordance programme provided by ATLAS in Great Britain"Evidence Source
One of them was COCOA, the word count and concordance programme provided by ATLAS in Great Britain,
"which later was the basis for the Oxford Concordance Program (OCP)"Evidence Source
One of them was COCOA, the word count and concordance programme provided by ATLAS in Great Britain, which later was the basis for the Oxford Concordance Program (OCP) by Susan Hockey and Ian Marriot.
"Gottfried Reeg (from 1984 at FU Berlin)"Evidence Source
Paul Sappler, and Gottfried Reeg (from 1984 at FU Berlin) started with those tools and programmed by themselves.
"a further programme in Regensburg COBAPH (COBOL basic programmes for Philology), which also produced concordances"Evidence Source
There was a further programme in Regensburg COBAPH (COBOL basic programmes for Philology), which also produced concordances,
"Oxford Concordance Program (OCP) by Susan Hockey and Ian Marriot""Oxford Concordance Program (OCP) by Susan Hockey and Ian Marriot"Evidence Source
which later was the basis for the Oxford Concordance Program (OCP) by Susan Hockey and Ian Marriot.
"From 1973 until 2004 you organised the Kolloquium zur Anwendung der EDV in den Geisteswisschenschaften an der Universität Tübingen""From 1973 until 2004"Evidence Source
From 1973 until 2004 you organised the Kolloquium zur Anwendung der EDV in den Geisteswisschenschaften an der Universität Tübingen.
"One of the most prominent speakers was Father Busa, in 1990""the colloquium on ‘Maschinelle Methoden der literarischen Analyse und der Lexikographie’ in Tübingen in 1960"Evidence Source
One of the most prominent speakers was Father Busa, in 1990, exactly 30 years – to the day – after he co-opened the colloquium on ‘Maschinelle Methoden der literarischen Analyse und der Lexikographie’ in Tübingen in 1960.
"Harold Short, on 18th of November, 2000"Evidence Source
Other speakers included Harold Short, on 18th of November, 2000 on ‘The Role of Humanities computing: experiences and challenges’.
"The colloquia started in 1973""this was also the time when ALLC was founded"Evidence Source
The colloquia started in 1973 and this was also the time when ALLC was founded.
"The last speaker on 5 February 2005 was John Unsworth"Evidence Source
The last speaker on 5 February 2005 was John Unsworth on the ‘Importance of digitisation and cyberinfrastructure in the Humanities’.
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"the Leibniz edition by Professor Schepers from Münster"Evidence Source
Detailed reports of larger projects, for example, the Leibniz edition by Professor Schepers from Münster influenced other people in their work.
"Susan Hockey was here in December 1998"Evidence Source
I’m just going reading over the list of participants. Susan Hockey was here in December 1998; David Seaman in February 1999; Michael Sperberg-McQueen in 1995; Jean-Louis Lebrave in 1986; Johann Cook from Stellenbosch in 1986; Michael Krupp from Jerusalem in 1977 …
"Johann Cook from Stellenbosch in 1986""Michael Krupp from Jerusalem in 1977"Evidence Source
Jean-Louis Lebrave in 1986; Johann Cook from Stellenbosch in 1986; Michael Krupp from Jerusalem in 1977 …
"David Seaman in February 1999""Michael Sperberg-McQueen in 1995"Evidence Source
Susan Hockey was here in December 1998; David Seaman in February 1999; Michael Sperberg-McQueen in 1995; Jean-Louis Lebrave in 1986; Johann Cook from Stellenbosch in 1986; Michael Krupp from Jerusalem in 1977 …
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"when ALLC merged with ACH"Evidence Source
I had visited all of the early ALLC conferences and when ALLC merged with ACH I decided to go there every second year only.
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"the University of Tübingen gave me this title"Evidence Source
and only shortly afterwards, a year or so later, the University of Tübingen gave me this title in order to give more weight to a project we had started in Tübingen.
"In Tübingen we were leading in Wissenschaftliche Textdatenverarbeitung (scholarly text data processing)"Evidence Source
In Tübingen we were leading in Wissenschaftliche Textdatenverarbeitung (scholarly text data processing) and this was the context in which I got the second professorship.
"the first honorary professorship I got was in Würzburg, at the university""they had established a course for Humanities Computing"Evidence Source
Well, the first honorary professorship I got was in Würzburg, at the university, because they had established a course for Humanities Computing, and they wanted to have a Professor on their list.
"I was also the vice-Director of the computing center"Evidence Source
Well, there was a lot of administrative work with the other position I had, especially since I was also the vice-Director of the computing center.
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"The Physics Department had a post that was then free and they lent this post to the computing center for a year"Evidence Source
The Physics Department had a post that was then free and they lent this post to the computing center for a year.
"Prof Ernst Zinn and Prof Wolfgang Schadewaldt""Prof Ernst Zinn and Prof Wolfgang Schadewaldt"Evidence Source
When I started in Tübingen in 1966 the Professors of Classical Philology (Prof Ernst Zinn and Prof Wolfgang Schadewaldt) asked the computing center to create a post (that I would fill) in order to give support to the Humanities.
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"the Incunabula catalogue is still based on a TUSTEP server in the background"Evidence Source
At the University of Tübingen the Incunabula catalogue is still based on a TUSTEP server in the background.
"It is not only for textual documents, but also for documentation"Evidence Source
It is not only for textual documents, but also for documentation.
"Many library catalogues have also been made with the tools we provided"Evidence Source
Many library catalogues have also been made with the tools we provided.
"Our TUSTEP software is more or less a set of tools for single works and it is also for development and for the analysis, editing and indexing of textual documents"Evidence Source
Our TUSTEP software is more or less a set of tools for single works and it is also for development and for the analysis, editing and indexing of textual documents.
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"the TUSTEP typesetting programme is the first one I know of that is able to typeset documents with XML encoding and to provide a stylesheet for typesetting them"Evidence Source
For example, the TUSTEP typesetting programme is the first one I know of that is able to typeset documents with XML encoding and to provide a stylesheet for typesetting them.
"In 1989 we had an English translation of the manual done""all the funding of the Forschungschwerpunkt (mentioned above) had ceased in 1989"Evidence Source
In 1989 we had an English translation of the manual done but this is now out of date and we did not have the means to continue this work because all the funding of the Forschungschwerpunkt (mentioned above) had ceased in 1989.
"we have one user for it, working on the Faust edition in Frankfurt"Evidence Source
In the meantime we have one user for it, working on the Faust edition in Frankfurt.
"the language of documentation: it’s in German only"Evidence Source
One factor is the language of documentation: it’s in German only.
"an interface to the TUSTEP programmes in an XML environment. It’s called TXSTEP"Evidence Source
Therefore, for some years we have been working on an interface to the TUSTEP programmes in an XML environment. It’s called TXSTEP, we just changed the ‘u’ in TUSTEP to an ‘x’.
"They are using it especially for collating the sources of the Faust material"Evidence Source
They are using it especially for collating the sources of the Faust material.
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"hired"Evidence Source
It was a year later that they hired Henriette D. Avram to come and begin computerising the library
"worked as a searcher/editor for""worked as a searcher/editor for"Evidence Source
My first job, after I graduated with a degree in English with a minor concentration in Art, was at the Library of Congress in Washington DC, where I worked as a searcher/editor for the Union Catalog.
"in"Evidence Source
the Library of Congress in Washington DC
"begin computerising"Evidence Source
they hired Henriette D. Avram to come and begin computerising the library
"includes every book that it holds"Evidence Source
Union Catalog is the Library of Congress' huge catalog that includes every book that it holds.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went to work for"Evidence Source
I went to work for, I think it was, the J. Walter Thompson Company
"It was around"Evidence Source
I went to work for, I think it was, the J. Walter Thompson Company ... It was around 1967
"had a contract with"Evidence Source
J. Walter Thompson Company, who had a contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center.
"catalog the documents and books"Evidence Source
My job there was to catalog the documents and books that were in their collection
"computerising"Evidence Source
the Goddard Space Flight Center was computerising their library.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"head of a large technical library for"Evidence Source
all of a sudden I was the head of a large technical library for a big aerospace company.
"also known as"Evidence Source
Ball Brothers Research Corporation (BBRC; now called Ball Aerospace)
"programme in"Evidence Source
Essentially I was working with a computer that I had to programme in FORTRAN and so I learnt to programme in FORTRAN.
"applied for the position of"Evidence Source
I applied for the position of technical librarian and got it.
"began to computerise"Evidence Source
I dealt with the documents and I'm not sure exactly how it occurred that I began to computerise the library.
"worked with me"Evidence Source
I had a woman who worked with me, Jo Sanford, who was also learning to programme.
"lived in""lived in"Evidence Source
I lived in Dürer Platz in the old walled City of Nurnberg
"took a summer institute at"Evidence Source
I took a summer institute at the University of Denver's Graduate School of Librarianship
"worked in"Evidence Source
I worked in the Special Library System in Furth
"in"Evidence Source
Special Library System in Furth
"made"Evidence Source
They made the orbiting solar observatory.
"it was"Evidence Source
This was not the era of big Computer Science departments, it was 1969
"ran"Evidence Source
took classes in FORTRAN from Dan Anderson. He ran the computer room and also taught the classes.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"member of"Evidence Source
Georges Perec (2011), who was a member of the Oulipo
"It's by"Evidence Source
I always use this book, The Art of Asking your Boss for a Raise ... It's by Georges Perec
"played off"Evidence Source
if you look in Uncle Roger, you can see that I played off the programme I wrote for BBRC.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"writing"Evidence Source
At the time he was writing The Fifth Horseman, which was a story of the Mexican Revolution.
"boss at"Evidence Source
my immediate boss at BBRC, and this is kind of interesting, was José Antonio Villarreal
No extractions found for this utterance.
"beginning of"Evidence Source
1969 was the beginning of ARPANET
"used"Evidence Source
I think I used a mainframe, I've been trying to research what computer I used. I'm not positive it was a mainframe, I'm pretty sure it was an IBM.
"MIT's"Evidence Source
MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
"used"Evidence Source
MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) used MAIL to coordinate their research
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in"Evidence Source
Bell Labs in New Jersey
"who's his wife"Evidence Source
Nancy Kaplan, who's his wife.
"ran"Evidence Source
So I had to go find Dan Anderson (who ran the computer room)
"telling the story to"Evidence Source
when I was telling the story to Stuart Moulthrop during the Pathfinders interview
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"it was"Evidence Source
I began to have this vision that I could create a non-sequential narrative using catalog cards ... it was 1976 when I started doing this.
"used"Evidence Source
I used the early Apple II programme called Visidex.
"made"Evidence Source
In those days, Radio Shack made these electromechanical address books
"'s"Evidence Source
JR Carpenter's City Fish
"first time I used computers since I left BBRC"Evidence Source
So this was the first time I used computers since I left BBRC in 1969, and it was 1986.
"bought"Evidence Source
we went and bought a used Apple II
No extractions found for this utterance.
"went to"Evidence Source
He also went to the University of Michigan and worked on computerising that catalog
"Professor of"Evidence Source
I didn't mention that the Professor of the Systems Analysis course I took was Richard M Dougherty
"interview"Evidence Source
reading Willard McCarty's interview (McCarty et al. 2012)
"Head Librarian at"Evidence Source
Richard M Dougherty, who went on to be the Head Librarian at UC Berkeley
No extractions found for this utterance.
"My colleague"Evidence Source
My colleague, Jo Sanford and I were the only women using the computer room.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"community on"Evidence Source
community on the Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (see, for example, Rheingold 2000; Turner 2010) was very helpful.
"programmed""in"Evidence Source
I also programmed Uncle Roger in Unix Shell scripts
"started using"Evidence Source
When I started using BASIC, which was hugely easier to use
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"(ACEN)"Evidence Source
Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN)
"making"Evidence Source
because he had seen the database I was making (Bad Information Base no 1).
"initiated""programmed"Evidence Source
Carl Loeffler initiated and Fred Truck programmed a system and menu where the works could actually be published.
"in"Evidence Source
Fred Truck in Iowa
"founding director of"Evidence Source
he was the founding director of Art Com/La Mamelle
"director of"Evidence Source
he was the founding director of Art Com/La Mamelle and then of Art Com Electronic Network (ACEN)
"published"Evidence Source
It was how I first published Uncle Roger
"in"Evidence Source
talk to spoken word poet Fortner Anderson in Canada
"gave access"Evidence Source
The WELL gave ACEN direct access to the server
"used"Evidence Source
the WELL used the conferencing software PicoSpan
"housed in"Evidence Source
The works themselves, and in my case the programs I wrote that ran them, were housed in The WELL's VAX.
"in"Evidence Source
to Jim Rosenberg in Pennsylvania
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"application"Evidence Source
I think a good application, like Inform 7 or Storyspace
"using""using"Evidence Source
I'm using HTML or JavaScript
"application"Evidence Source
Storyspace, for example, was a wonderful application
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"2013"Evidence Source
Defining Digital Humanities: a Reader (Terras et al. 2013)
"published"Evidence Source
my colleagues and I published a book called Defining Digital Humanities: a Reader (Terras et al. 2013).
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"formatted"Evidence Source
Fred formatted it
"done"Evidence Source
he had done Silence
"in about"Evidence Source
in about 1952, when he had done Silence
"published"Evidence Source
John Cage, who, in 1986 or 1987, I'm not sure which, published a work on Art Com, called the First Meeting of the Satie Society
"work on"Evidence Source
published a work on Art Com, called the First Meeting of the Satie Society
"wrote a series of articles for"Evidence Source
Robert Coover (1992) wrote a series of articles for the New York Times
"officially called"Evidence Source
Silence (officially called 4′33″
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"at"Evidence Source
CADRE) at San Jose State
"hosted by"Evidence Source
hosted by the Computers in Art and Design, Research and Education Institute (CADRE)
"connected more with"Evidence Source
Howard Besser was there also and he is actually connected more with the Museum Computer Network.
"invited to be on"Evidence Source
I was invited to be on the Art and Telecommunications panel
"from"Evidence Source
Jeanelle Hurst (from Australia)
"organized"Evidence Source
on the Art and Telecommunications panel, organized by Carl Loeffler
"took place in"Evidence Source
the NCGA Conference that took place in San Jose State University.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"created a work"Evidence Source
He and David Tudor created a work where Cage read those stories in one room
"created"Evidence Source
Many of the works he's done have been influential on my work, I'm thinking of his Interdeterminacy.
"(1923"Evidence Source
Sonya Rapoport (1923-2015)
"died"Evidence Source
Sonya Rapoport (1923-2015), who just died this June
No extractions found for this utterance.
"worked on"Evidence Source
He picked up Storyspace from Michael Joyce, and the other people who worked on it
"at"Evidence Source
I went to an installation at 80 Langton Street called 'Objects on my Dresser'.
"in"Evidence Source
I went to an installation at 80 Langton Street called 'Objects on my Dresser'. ... I think, in 1980 or 1981
"chief Scientist at"Evidence Source
Mark Bernstein (chief Scientist at Eastgate, one of the leading publishers of hypertext)
"created"Evidence Source
She had created a work where she had taken the objects on her dresser, I think, and written texts about each object. ... 'Objects on my Dresser'
"did another work called"Evidence Source
Then she did another work called Shoe Field
No extractions found for this utterance.
"visiting lecturer job at"Evidence Source
I just had a wonderful 2 year visiting lecturer job at Princeton.
"worked at"Evidence Source
Nathaniel Hawthorne worked at a customs house.
"worked at"Evidence Source
TS Eliot, worked at a bank
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No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"what we now think of as digital humanities? And what was then Computing in the Humanities"Evidence Source
Could you tell us a little bit about how you first got involved in what we now think of as digital humanities? And what was then Computing in the Humanities?
"being at a technical university""still published by The John Hopkins University Press""it was the first peer-reviewed electronic journal in the Humanities"Evidence Source
I didn't mean to get into electronic publishing, it was sort of fiscal necessity and also being at a technical university, where there were people around who were interested in this kind of experimentation but it was Postmodern Culture, still published by The John Hopkins University Press, it's in its twenty-second year now, I think, currently edited by my brother-in-law and it was the first peer-reviewed electronic journal in the Humanities.
"our first issue that was designed for the web was in January 1994"Evidence Source
I think our first issue that was designed for the web was in January 1994.
"was a new faculty member at North Carolina State University""been hired to teach post-World War II American literature"Evidence Source
I was a new faculty member at North Carolina State University, and I'd been hired to teach post-World War II American literature.
"retrieve articles from LISTSERV""put it up for FTP""put it up on Gopher""put the back issues up on the web"Evidence Source
So after that, we just sent out the table of contents with instructions for people on how to retrieve articles from LISTSERV and then later when FTP came along, we put it up for FTP and when Gopher came along and gave you a menu for FTP, we put it up on Gopher and when the web came along, we put the back issues up on the web and I think our first issue that was designed for the web was in January 1994.
"is still head of the libraries at NC State""people in the Campus Computing Organization"Evidence Source
So, we consulted with a university librarian, a woman named Susan Nutter, who I think is still head of the libraries at NC State, she introduced us to people in the Campus Computing Organization, who introduced us to some brand new software that had just come out, called LISTSERV.
"there was just one actually, called Boundary II"Evidence Source
There weren't really many journals, academic journals, in that area, there was just one actually, called Boundary II
"we decided to start a journal in that area"Evidence Source
There weren't really many journals, academic journals, in that area, there was just one actually, called Boundary II, and so with a couple of friends, one was a friend from graduate school, who also ended up on the same faculty a year later, we decided to start a journal in that area. NC State was in a budget crisis, public higher education always is as far as I can tell, so there was no money for printing and there was no money for mailing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"Sanyo CPM machine""with WordStar""learned a little bit of BASIC"Evidence Source
So, I wrote it on a word processor — Sanyo CPM machine with WordStar — and I learned a little bit of BASIC, I would go in and edit the compiled code to change the messages on my splash screen.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"graduate student at Virginia""had started using email"Evidence Source
And I had started using email as a graduate student at Virginia and there weren't a lot of people to exchange email with, but that was kind of interesting.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"editing a journal as a junior faculty member"Evidence Source
Yeah, I thought it was interesting and it was pretty clearly against the advice that any sensible senior person would have given me, I mean beginning with editing a journal as a junior faculty member cause that's service, not research and putting your time into editing a journal that didn't get printed ...
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I was reading things in Humanist"Evidence Source
And, you know, I was reading things in Humanist also, but the people that I was meeting at conferences were pretty much other people involved in doing electronic journals in an academic context and that was a very small and heterogeneous group of people.
"Paul Ginsberg from the High Energy Physics Archive Project"Evidence Source
We had a guy who had a journal in hospitality research, there was Paul Ginsberg from the High Energy Physics Archive Project — I think he still works on that, Stevan Harnad was at some of these conferences and people from completely different disciplinary backgrounds, who, you know, the only thing they had in common was that they were trying to do electronic publishing, electronic scholarly publishing.
"was at some of these conferences"Evidence Source
Well, mostly in that period from '90 to about '93, when I was at NC State, most of the people that I was meeting were in conferences organized by libraries and focused on electronic journals. And, you know, I was reading things in Humanist also, but the people that I was meeting at conferences were pretty much other people involved in doing electronic journals in an academic context and that was a very small and heterogeneous group of people. We had a guy who had a journal in hospitality research, there was Paul Ginsberg from the High Energy Physics Archive Project — I think he still works on that, Stevan Harnad was at some of these conferences and people from completely different disciplinary backgrounds, who, you know, the only thing they had in common was that they were trying to do electronic publishing, electronic scholarly publishing.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"goes through phases of consolidation and diversification"Evidence Source
I think the digital humanities community as a whole goes through phases of consolidation and diversification.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I worked with Jerry McGann""I worked with Ed Ayers""I worked with Thorny Staples""now works for Fedora Commons/Duraspace Group"Evidence Source
And there, you know, I worked with Jerry McGann, I worked with Ed Ayers, I worked with Thorny Staples, who now works for Fedora Commons/Duraspace Group.
"I was chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on Scholarly Editions"Evidence Source
For a chunk of that time I was chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on Scholarly Editions.
"I was also in the English department""got hired to direct the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at Virginia""at Virginia"Evidence Source
I was also in the English department, and on a tenure track, so I had four years in rank at that point at NC State, but I got hired to direct the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at Virginia
"that project started at the institute""Blake Archive Project started at the institute"Evidence Source
I worked with a bunch of faculty at Virginia and at other places who were early adopters, the people from the Whitman Archive over here, that project started at the institute, the Blake Archive Project started at the institute, Jerry's Rossetti archive, the Whitman in the Emily Dickinson project that Martha Nell Smith runs.
"Matt Kirschenbaum was a PhD advisee""was a student in the English department""an employee at the institute""Amanda French was there"Evidence Source
I worked with a lot of great students: Matt Kirschenbaum was a PhD advisee; Steve Ramsay was a student in the English department and an employee at the institute, when he was a graduate student; Amanda French was there;
"that Martha Nell Smith runs"Evidence Source
Jerry's Rossetti archive, the Whitman in the Emily Dickinson project that Martha Nell Smith runs.
"from 1994 to 2004, when I was at Virginia"Evidence Source
so that was just you know from 1994 to 2004, when I was at Virginia, that was a real opening up into a much broader world of people,
"started coming to this conference actually, in 1994, it was my first, in Paris""in Paris"Evidence Source
that's when I started coming to this conference actually, in 1994, it was my first, in Paris.
"We produced a book that they still sell called Electronic Textual Editing""together with text encoding principles from the TEI"Evidence Source
We produced a book that they still sell called Electronic Textual Editing which was to bring the kind of principals of scholarly editing that the CSE represented together with text encoding principles from the TEI to give people fairly practical guidance actually about how to do electronic scholarly editing.
"they reviewed the Blake Archive and gave it high marks"Evidence Source
We re-did the guidelines for the CSE so that they would be able to review electronic editions, which they did, they reviewed the Blake Archive and gave it high marks,
"moved from North Carolina State to University of Virginia"Evidence Source
Well, in 1993, I moved from North Carolina State to University of Virginia, and that was a much broader job.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"the old lady did not have a network jack"Evidence Source
Eventually it became clear that the old lady did not have a network jack, so we put together this laptop and said, “OK, we want an overhead projector.
"I've hosted it twice"Evidence Source
It took me a while to understand the importance of the social programme of this conference, you should always attend but then every year since going, I've hosted it twice ...
"It was half in French and half in English"Evidence Source
The first conference was a little weird. It was half in French and half in English, it was strictly segregated, you know, the French sessions and the sessions in English.
"set up a web server, which was big deal in 1994, and we set it up for these projects that we were going to do in Virginia"Evidence Source
We had just set up a web server, which was big deal in 1994, and we set it up for these projects that we were going to do in Virginia, it was a sort of decision.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"that was a huge game changer for academic computing"Evidence Source
and that was a huge game changer for academic computing because we would never have had the same impact on our colleagues as that did, because that swept up everybody.
"it was a little TRS-80 that kept its data on a cassette recorder and ran basic programmes"Evidence Source
I also had another hand-me-down of his, it was a little TRS-80 that kept its data on a cassette recorder and ran basic programmes.
"In 1994 really, is when people started talking about the web in the New York Times"Evidence Source
In 1994 really, is when people started talking about the web in the New York Times and suddenly, then very rapidly [it] became something that was for everybody,
"Postmodern Culture was on that list"Evidence Source
when Mosaic first came out it had a what's cool list built into it, it was like a bookmarks list that was built into it, and Postmodern Culture was on that list, because there were so few cool things that we were on it.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"I belonged to one of the first network discussion groups that I found was called tattoo""it was on body modification"Evidence Source
I belonged to one of the first network discussion groups that I found was called tattoo, and it was on body modification and I subscribed to it, because it was like the only thing out there, and I was like “I wanna see how this works”.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"to map"Evidence Source
We had a presentation from somebody who used a pre-runner of what would later be called a database to map the spatial distribution of medieval coins
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in England"Evidence Source
My first professional contact was to a Historian of the family, not in the sense of Genealogy but the development of structures of family, like the Cambridge Group did in England (see, for example, Laslett and Wall 1972).
"I was immediately hired"Evidence Source
That was in Vienna in early 1977, where I was immediately hired because a professor had approached me as he had heard that I was doing some computer work for other historical projects.
"my active work in the area started"Evidence Source
Well, how far a Humanities Computing community existed in 1976, when my active work in the area started, is a bit doubtful, particularly in Austria.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was standard statistical calculations of demographic behaviour"Evidence Source
That was standard statistical calculations of demographic behaviour.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"a scholarship for 2 years of post-doctoral training at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna"Evidence Source
And after finishing my doctorate (Thaller 1975) I had the possibility to get a scholarship for 2 years of post-doctoral training at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna, which offered courses in empirical Social Science even to people who had no formal training in Social Science.
"my first exercise in applied programming was to build software to administer the descriptions of images"Evidence Source
And my first exercise in applied programming was to build software to administer the descriptions of images.
"offered courses in empirical Social Science"Evidence Source
I had the possibility to get a scholarship for 2 years of post-doctoral training at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna, which offered courses in empirical Social Science even to people who had no formal training in Social Science.
"was controlled by a command language that was supposed to be sufficiently far from a computer that the people working at that research institute actually could use it themselves"Evidence Source
It was controlled by a command language that was supposed to be sufficiently far from a computer that the people working at that research institute actually could use it themselves.
"dealt with roughly the History of Mentality"Evidence Source
My own doctoral thesis dealt with roughly the History of Mentality, or more properly, how opinions would be created out of information available at the time.
"for the study of material aspects of daily life"Evidence Source
The idea was to create a database which would use those images not as Art Historians use them, but for historical purposes, that is, for the study of material aspects of daily life.
"programming exercises in SNOBOL"Evidence Source
This led me to the decision to do, besides the application of statistical software, some programming exercises in SNOBOL.
"had started to create a collection of all the surviving medieval images in the area roughly coincident with today’s Austria and some of the neighbouring countries"Evidence Source
This project had started to create a collection of all the surviving medieval images in the area roughly coincident with today’s Austria and some of the neighbouring countries.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"which nobody else at the Institute had ever used in practice"Evidence Source
SNOBOL, which nobody else at the Institute had ever used in practice, was suspected to be particularly useful for what I had in mind.
"formal training in computer usage simply consisted of how to use SPSS"Evidence Source
We had formal training in statistics and some in Mathematics, but formal training in computer usage simply consisted of how to use SPSS.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"when I formally teach computing and programming"Evidence Source
This is the reason why when I formally teach computing and programming I try not to impress a model of how people have to learn (any more than is absolutely necessary to keep classes consistent).
No extractions found for this utterance.
"still publish a journal (Historical Social Research)"Evidence Source
after the very few first years it basically evolved into a group of people who still publish a journal (Historical Social Research) in the field but there’s not very much happening beyond that.
"they organised summer schools themselves""in which I, of course, was heavily involved"Evidence Source
In those years they organised summer schools themselves in which I, of course, was heavily involved.
"was working very intensively with quantitative methods in History"Evidence Source
Quantum (Association for Quantification and Methods in Historical and Social Research – Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Quantifizierung und Methoden in der historisch-sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung e.V), which is a membership-driven group which at that time was working very intensively with quantitative methods in History.
"conference that I attended""in Pisa""in Pisa in 1982"Evidence Source
The first ALLC conference that I attended was in Pisa in 1982.
"The first conference that I attended which dealt with computing in parts of the Humanities was in Cologne in 1977""a conference of what is still called Quantum"Evidence Source
The first conference that I attended which dealt with computing in parts of the Humanities was in Cologne in 1977, where there was a conference of what is still called Quantum (Association for Quantification and Methods in Historical and Social Research – Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Quantifizierung und Methoden in der historisch-sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung e.V), which is a membership-driven group which at that time was working very intensively with quantitative methods in History.
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No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"ran between 1978 until the early 1990s"Evidence Source
a series of summer schools in Austria that ran between 1978 until the early 1990s.
"I also quite frequently presented the work I did at all sorts of Historians’ conferences"Evidence Source
From something like 1978 onwards, I also quite frequently presented the work I did at all sorts of Historians’ conferences, but there were too many of them for me to have a very clear memory of when I presented what.
"organised a series of summer schools in Austria"Evidence Source
I was part of an Austrian-based group who organised a series of summer schools in Austria that ran between 1978 until the early 1990s.
"I was part of an Austrian-based group"Evidence Source
Oh yes. Still linking back to Austria, I was part of an Austrian-based group who organised a series of summer schools in Austria that ran between 1978 until the early 1990s.
"also organised regular workshops or sections at the annual Historians’ conference in Austria"Evidence Source
This group also organised regular workshops or sections at the annual Historians’ conference in Austria.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"was frequently quoted by"Evidence Source
So, the Poverty of Historicism (Popper 1957) was frequently quoted by the quantifiers
No extractions found for this utterance.
"in something like 1995"Evidence Source
For example, the advent of easily available quantitative methods with the arrival of SPSS and similar programs; the arrival of easily usable databases together with PCs; and the arrival of easily usable web publication possibilities or web services in something like 1995.
"offered the possibility of very easily creating graphical representations of statistical data"Evidence Source
The interesting thing that happened when the PC was invented is that there came with it some very simple-minded statistical programs that offered the possibility of very easily creating graphical representations of statistical data.
No extractions found for this utterance.
"based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions"Evidence Source
a complex Social History analysis based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions, for specific types of Economic and Social History.
"the Director of that institute at that time, Mr Vierhaus"Evidence Source
and the Director of that institute at that time, Mr Vierhaus, let his people have great leeway.
"people should have the computing capacities and devices they needed quite irrespective of which institute they came from"Evidence Source
And these infrastructures assumed that people should have the computing capacities and devices they needed quite irrespective of which institute they came from.
"I had access to all the conference volumes published since the early 1960s about the early stages of Humanities Computing all over the field"Evidence Source
But I had access to all the conference volumes published since the early 1960s about the early stages of Humanities Computing all over the field.
"influenced me most directly"Evidence Source
But that’s probably the one thing that influenced me most directly.
"had just made extraordinary capabilities available to him, more precisely a 10 MB hard disc"Evidence Source
He became very, very enthusiastic because Harvard had just made extraordinary capabilities available to him, more precisely a 10 MB hard disc and he would only have to find the money for a programmer so he could actually use it!
"the first fully quantitative study of the Tuscan or Pisan census"Evidence Source
He was truly famous for the first fully quantitative study of the Tuscan or Pisan census, one of the first censuses of their first years.
"including Harvard"Evidence Source
I basically went to a dozen or 14 people at universities all over the US, including Harvard.
"turned its focus mainly towards Anthropology and interpretative inter disciplinarity"Evidence Source
I haven’t looked for it recently because after the end of the 1980s it turned its focus mainly towards Anthropology and interpretative inter disciplinarity rather than the formal methods.
"In Harvard at that time there was an extremely prominent social or economic Historian named David Herlihy""had done one of the very first studies of Italian censuses"Evidence Source
In Harvard at that time there was an extremely prominent social or economic Historian named David Herlihy who had done one of the very first studies of Italian censuses.
"databases of roughly about 200 MB"Evidence Source
In the early 1980s our work on social and economic History had led to databases of roughly about 200 MB, which now seems relatively trivial, but at that time, as will become clear in a moment, was rather large.
"published very much about the usage of computers and particularly the usage of computers for non-quantitative purposes in History"Evidence Source
It published very much about the usage of computers and particularly the usage of computers for non-quantitative purposes in History.
"a collection of something like 80 institutes""which run joint infrastructures"Evidence Source
It’s really not an institute but a collection of something like 80 institutes which run joint infrastructures.
"Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen"Evidence Source
my first long-term work in the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen.
"a Max Planck Institute is a pure research institute, which is actually not connected to a university"Evidence Source
Now, a Max Planck Institute is a pure research institute, which is actually not connected to a university
"I was originally hired for a rather specific project that was supposed to be a complex Social History analysis based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions"Evidence Source
There I was originally hired for a rather specific project that was supposed to be a complex Social History analysis based on things called family reconstitutions or extended family reconstitutions, for specific types of Economic and Social History.
"my first long-term work in the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen"Evidence Source
What influenced me more systematically was simply the working conditions I found at the place where I had my first long-term work in the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen.
"had its heyday from the 1970s until the 1980s"Evidence Source
What influenced me very much was Historical Methods, a journal which had its heyday from the 1970s until the 1980s.
No extractions found for this utterance.
No extractions found for this utterance.
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"work on the comparison of the shape of medieval pottery"Evidence Source
at some stage we also did work on the comparison of the shape of medieval pottery, which has relatively few commonalities with documents at Auschwitz, but simply also has some data structures which can be supported if you have software which operates at the right level of generalisation.
"I got a grant from the Volkswagenstiftung funding agency"Evidence Source
At the end of which this research project had emancipated itself to such an extent that I got a grant from the Volkswagenstiftung funding agency. This allowed me to start a new implementation of that software
"was focused on making a specific canon of methods (quantitative methods or analytical quantitative methods to be precise) available more or less to the researcher him or herself"Evidence Source
Behind that term was the assumption that previous software, like, for example, SPSS, was focused on making a specific canon of methods (quantitative methods or analytical quantitative methods to be precise) available more or less to the researcher him or herself.
"the implementation of the first version started in 1987"Evidence Source
Between the middle of the 1980s and 1990s (the implementation of the first version started in 1987) we worked on that software, making it available shortly after development began.
"indirectly influenced me very much"Evidence Source
In this context David Sabean [...] indirectly influenced me very much, though not in detail, because he was not following things up very much himself.
"the programming system CLIO"Evidence Source
my experience from Vienna of building systems which, at least in theory, should be used by the researchers themselves, let me then invent the programming system CLIO (Thaller 1987a)
"to create a computer system able to take the marriage registers of a village, find out which children belonged to which marriage, which death record belonged to which individual (which is called family reconstitution) and then to augment that with just about any conceivable source that contained names, lists of taxation, property lists and various other stuff"Evidence Source
Now my task, and that was exactly the job I was hired for, was to create a computer system able to take the marriage registers of a village, find out which children belonged to which marriage, which death record belonged to which individual (which is called family reconstitution) and then to augment that with just about any conceivable source that contained names, lists of taxation, property lists and various other stuff.
"is defined as the phase when artisanry in agricultural areas was, by various economic constructions, converted into a system where a relatively large portion of available income was also produced by the systematic production of items, particularly in the textile pre-industry or proto-industry"Evidence Source
Proto-industrialisation is defined as the phase when artisanry in agricultural areas was, by various economic constructions, converted into a system where a relatively large portion of available income was also produced by the systematic production of items, particularly in the textile pre-industry or proto-industry.
"meant that you would try to take historical sources and try to convert “everything” (I hope you heard the quotes) that a source possibly contains into a form which then could be analysed for various purposes"Evidence Source
Source-oriented databases, as I understood them, or source-oriented data processing as I understood it, meant that you would try to take historical sources and try to convert “everything” (I hope you heard the quotes) that a source possibly contains into a form which then could be analysed for various purposes.
"brought something like 100 people together""for 2 weeks"Evidence Source
summer schools (1987 to 1992, 1994 and 1997) which at the height of the development brought something like 100 people together for 2 weeks
"involved some early work on making the content of archives of the former concentration camp at Auschwitz available"Evidence Source
There have been quite a few of these, one of which, for example, involved some early work on making the content of archives of the former concentration camp at Auschwitz available (Sicherung und verbesserte Erschließung der Quellen im Archiv des Staatlichen Museums Auschwitz-Birkenau Footnote4)
"not implemented in PL/1 anymore but in the programming language C"Evidence Source
This allowed me to start a new implementation of that software that was not implemented in PL/1 anymore but in the programming language C
"for which I invented the term “source-oriented data processing”"Evidence Source
This meant that within a relatively short period of something like 5 years, what originally had clearly been a supportive function for a specific number of research projects gained the status of an abstract research project on its own, simply geared towards building a general software system for historical purposes, for which I invented the term “source-oriented data processing” (see Thaller 1987b, 1988, 1991).
"summer schools (1987 to 1992, 1994 and 1997)"Evidence Source
We also made it available by providing summer schools (1987 to 1992, 1994 and 1997) which at the height of the development brought something like 100 people together for 2 weeks, to show how you could handle historical sources based on that type of software.
"could be used for, theoretically, all types of historical sources"Evidence Source
which in any case was rather general and could be used for, theoretically, all types of historical sources.
"probably the only modestly widely used system with a command language in Latin"Evidence Source
which some people still remember because it’s probably the only modestly widely used system with a command language in Latin
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"the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen""in Siegen"Evidence Source
at the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen in [1990]
"Duderstadt in lower Saxony"Evidence Source
I had immediately afterwards the possibility to point out that the not so widely known city of Duderstadt in lower Saxony had online about twice as many pages of fairly obscure material from the fifteenth century!
"unveiled, with great pathos, the first version of the George Washington papers"Evidence Source
sitting on a panel beside a representative of the Library of Congress in Washington who unveiled, with great pathos, the first version of the George Washington papers.
"at the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen in [1990] we presented a workstation with the kind of software I’m talking about"Evidence Source
So, at the conference of the ALLC and the ACH in Siegen in [1990] we presented a workstation with the kind of software I’m talking about, which showed, among other things, a very, very early version of this image processing software.
"we had a separate section where we implemented the possibility of handling manuscript variants in a way that is more meaningful than how it is typically done"Evidence Source
So, while digitisation was the main point of the project, we had a separate section where we implemented the possibility of handling manuscript variants in a way that is more meaningful than how it is typically done.
"working on Unix workstations"Evidence Source
we entered image processing, which is digitisation, image enhancement, pattern recognition in 1988 or 1989, working on Unix workstations
"digitise a substantial amount of manuscripts, something like 60,000 pages or 70,000 pages"Evidence Source
We got a research grant in the middle of the 1990s which allowed us to digitise a substantial amount of manuscripts, something like 60,000 pages or 70,000 pages, and make them available over the internet (see Aumann et al. 1999).
"in 1988 or 1989"Evidence Source
Well, still cooperating with that Austrian Institute where I had my first contract in 1976, we entered image processing, which is digitisation, image enhancement, pattern recognition in 1988 or 1989, working on Unix workstations
"make them available over the internet"Evidence Source
which allowed us to digitise a substantial amount of manuscripts, something like 60,000 pages or 70,000 pages, and make them available over the internet (see Aumann et al. 1999).
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"Cologne then offered a Professorship for Computer Science for the Humanities"Evidence Source
But when Cologne then offered a Professorship for Computer Science for the Humanities, where I had the possibility to build up my own study programs and also attract funding for projects that I could get involved in personally, rather than only managing them, this had so much attraction that I went south again, ending up instead on the Rhine at Cologne.
"I did a bit of teaching in History that was connected to digital methods"Evidence Source
I did a bit of teaching in History that was connected to digital methods
"University of Bergen"Evidence Source
I was then asked to move fully to the University of Bergen to direct the merger of three independent research units there
"asked to move fully to the University of Bergen to direct the merger of three independent research units there"Evidence Source
I was then asked to move fully to the University of Bergen to direct the merger of three independent research units there, which covered the whole scope from editorial Philology right through to Museum Information Systems.
"I had a parallel appointment in Bergen, Norway"Evidence Source
No, already during my last years at Max Planck in Göttingen, I had a parallel appointment in Bergen, Norway.
"was something like a 30-person infrastructure for IT usage in the Humanities in the University of Bergen"Evidence Source
So that was a fairly large unit which, when it had been merged, was something like a 30-person infrastructure for IT usage in the Humanities in the University of Bergen.
"covered the whole scope from editorial Philology right through to Museum Information Systems"Evidence Source
three independent research units there, which covered the whole scope from editorial Philology right through to Museum Information Systems.
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"out of digital libraries it was particularly easy to drift off into digital preservation"Evidence Source
and out of digital libraries it was particularly easy to drift off into digital preservation because that was relatively simple to fund.
"at Max Planck funds were considerably more easily available than at a regular university"Evidence Source
And the other thing, of course, is that at Max Planck funds were considerably more easily available than at a regular university
"I think I collected teaching assignments at more than a dozen universities during my years at Max Planck"Evidence Source
I think I collected teaching assignments at more than a dozen universities during my years at Max Planck.
"I was also heavily involved in summer schools"Evidence Source
I was also heavily involved in summer schools.
"out of creating historical databases it was very simple to drift into digital libraries"Evidence Source
That may have brought me away from my original purposes because out of creating historical databases it was very simple to drift into digital libraries, particularly because it was easier to get funding for digital libraries than it was for historical databases
"I can call myself extremely successful at inviting third party funding for research while being in Cologne"Evidence Source
though I have to say that in a sense I think I can call myself extremely successful at inviting third party funding for research while being in Cologne.
"at Max Planck I had absolutely no contact with students, originally"Evidence Source
Well, that’s totally different, I mean, at Max Planck I had absolutely no contact with students, originally.